Miasto leży na wschodzie.

Yes. Leży is the 3rd person singular form of leżeć, which literally means to lie.

In Polish, this verb is also very commonly used for the location of places, especially in geography. So with towns, regions, mountains, lakes, and countries, leżeć often means to be located / to lie.

So Miasto leży na wschodzie is a very natural way to say that the city is located in the eastern part of some area.

This is because Polish uses certain prepositions in fixed ways with directions and regions.

With large areas or directional regions like:

• na wschodzie = in the east
• na zachodzie = in the west
• na północy = in the north
• na południu = in the south

Polish normally uses na, not w.

So even though English says in the east, Polish prefers na wschodzie.

Because after na in this sentence, the noun is in the locative case.

The basic form is wschód.
After na when talking about location, it becomes na wschodzie.

So:

• wschód = east
• na wschodzie = in the east

This is a common pattern in Polish: prepositions that express location often require the locative.

Miasto is in the nominative singular because it is the subject of the sentence.

Its dictionary form is also miasto, meaning city / town.

So the structure is:

• Miasto = subject
• leży = verb
• na wschodzie = location phrase

Yes, you could, and it would be understandable.

But miasto leży na wschodzie sounds more natural when describing geographical location. Polish often prefers leżeć for where places are situated.

Compare:

• Miasto leży na wschodzie = the city is located in the east
• Miasto jest na wschodzie = the city is in the east

The version with leży is a bit more idiomatic and more common in descriptions of places.

Here it means in the east.

If you want to say to the east of something, Polish usually uses:

• na wschód od

For example:

• Miasto leży na wschód od rzeki. = The city lies east of the river.

So:

• na wschodzie = in the east
• na wschód od = east of

That is an important difference.

A rough English-style guide would be:

MYA-sto LEH-zhih na fs-HO-djye

A few details:

• miasto: the mia sounds a bit like mya
• leży: ż sounds like the s in measure
• wschodzie: the beginning wsch- is a consonant cluster; w here sounds like English v/f depending on the surrounding sounds, and the whole word can be tricky at first

A more careful breakdown:

• miasto → MYA-sto
• leży → LEH-zhih
• na wschodzie → na fsho-DJYE (approximate)

Yes. Polish word order is more flexible than English because the cases show the grammatical roles.

The neutral order here is:

• Miasto leży na wschodzie.

But other orders are possible for emphasis, for example:

• Na wschodzie leży miasto.

This might sound more literary or emphasize the east.

Still, for a learner, Miasto leży na wschodzie is the safest and most natural basic order.

Because wschód here is a common noun, not a proper name.

Polish does not capitalize direction words like:

• wschód = east
• zachód = west
• północ = north
• południe = south

So na wschodzie is written in lowercase unless it begins a sentence.

Not always exactly. Miasto usually means city or town.

In many contexts, English forces you to choose between city and town, but Polish often just uses miasto more generally.

So depending on context, miasto leży na wschodzie could refer to:

• The city is in the east
• The town is in the east

If the place is known to be large, city is more likely.