Który jest twój?

Here który means which one.

So Który jest twój? corresponds to Which one is yours?

A useful thing to know is that który changes for gender and number, because in Polish it agrees with the noun it refers to, even if that noun is left unstated.

Examples:

• Który jest twój? — masculine singular
• Która jest twoja? — feminine singular
• Które jest twoje? — neuter singular
• Które są twoje? — plural

Jest is the 3rd person singular form of być (to be), so literally the structure is:

• Który = which one
• jest = is
• twój = yours / your one

So the sentence is literally Which one is yours?

In present-tense Polish, forms of być are often omitted in some contexts, but in a sentence like this, jest sounds normal and natural.

Because twój must agree with the noun being referred to.

In this sentence, the implied noun is masculine singular. For example, if you are talking about:

• długopis (pen, masculine)
• telefon (phone, masculine)
• samochód (car, masculine)

then you say:

• Który jest twój?

If the implied noun were feminine, you would say:

• Która jest twoja?

If it were neuter:

• Które jest twoje?

If plural:

• Które są twoje?

So the form depends on the gender and number of the thing you mean.

It is in the nominative.

That may feel surprising to an English speaker, because English yours does not change form, but in Polish possessive words like twój behave like adjectives and agree with the noun in gender, number, and case.

Here the sentence is built around być (to be), and both który and twój are nominative because they refer to the same implied noun.

So:

• który — nominative masculine singular
• twój — nominative masculine singular

More or less, yes, but grammatically Polish works differently.

In English, your and yours are different forms:

• your pen
• the pen is yours

In Polish, twój can cover both kinds of meaning depending on the structure:

• twój długopis = your pen
• ten długopis jest twój = this pen is yours

So in Który jest twój?, twój means yours, but it still keeps adjective-like agreement.

Because Polish often leaves that noun implied.

English frequently uses one as a placeholder:

• Which one is yours?

Polish usually does not need an extra word here. Instead, który already points to the item, and the gender/number ending helps show what kind of noun is meant.

So Polish naturally says:

• Który jest twój?

rather than adding a separate word meaning one.

Yes, it is natural, especially when several items are visible and you are asking someone to identify theirs.

For example:

• Several phones are on a table.
• You ask: Który jest twój?

That said, Polish often includes the noun if needed for clarity:

• Który telefon jest twój? — Which phone is yours?
• Który długopis jest twój? — Which pen is yours?

If the context already makes the noun obvious, leaving it out is perfectly normal.

You may hear similar patterns in conversation, but Który jest twój? is the clearer standard form for learners.

With to, Polish can sometimes make identification-type sentences, but it does not always match English is neatly. For a beginner, it is safest to learn:

• Który jest twój?

and then later notice other colloquial patterns in real speech.

Both the question word and the possessive word change, and for plural the verb changes too.

Here is the full pattern:

• Który jest twój? — masculine singular
• Która jest twoja? — feminine singular
• Które jest twoje? — neuter singular
• Które są twoje? — plural

Examples:

• Który jest twój? — about a phone
• Która jest twoja? — about a book if the noun is feminine, like książka
• Które jest twoje? — about a neuter noun, like krzesło? No, krzesło is actually neuter, so yes: Które krzesło jest twoje?
• Które są twoje? — about several items, like buty or klucze

The normal order is:

• Który jest twój?

This is the most straightforward way to ask the question.

Polish word order is more flexible than English, but not every rearrangement sounds equally natural. For a learner, it is best to keep this standard order unless you have a specific reason to emphasize something.

So:

• Który jest twój? — natural, neutral

A rough pronunciation guide is:

• Który ≈ KTOO-ri
• jest ≈ yest
• twój ≈ tvooy

A few details:

• ó sounds like oo
• j sounds like English y
• rz in który sounds like a zh-type sound in standard Polish, though after t it is often effectively devoiced

A rough full pronunciation:

• KTOO-ri yest tvooy?

Yes. If you want to be polite or formal, you usually avoid twój and use a formal possessive instead.

Examples:

• Który jest pański? — to a man, or formally in some contexts
• Która jest pani? would be wrong here because pani by itself means madam / lady, not yours
• Better:
  • Który jest pani? is also not standard in this sense
  • the clearest formal possessive forms are adjectival:
    • pański / pańska / pańskie
    • pani can also work in some possessive constructions, but learners should be careful

The safest formal pattern to learn is:

• Który jest pański?
• Która jest pańska?
• Które jest pańskie?
• Które są pańskie?

Yes, sometimes Który? by itself is enough, just like English Which one?

But that only works when the context already clearly means Which one is yours?

Compare:

• Który jest twój? — explicitly asks Which one is yours?
• Który? — just Which one?

So the longer version is more precise, while the shorter one relies more on context.