Moja córka umie już czytać po polsku.

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Breakdown of Moja córka umie już czytać po polsku.

• czytać: to read
• córka: the daughter
• już: already

Questions & Answers about Moja córka umie już czytać po polsku.

Why is it moja córka and not mój córka?

Because córka is a feminine noun, so the possessive adjective my must also be in the feminine form.

• mój = my (masculine singular)
• moja = my (feminine singular)
• moje = my (neuter singular)

So:

• moja córka = my daughter
• mój syn = my son
• moje dziecko = my child

Polish adjectives and possessive words must agree with the noun in gender, number, and case.

What case is córka in here?

It is in the nominative singular.

That is because córka is the subject of the sentence — the person doing the action of being able to read.

You can think of the structure as:

• Moja córka = subject
• umie = knows how / can
• już = already
• czytać = to read
• po polsku = in Polish

So córka stays in its basic dictionary form here.

Why is umie used here? Doesn't Polish also have móc or potrafić for can?