Furtka do ogrodu jest przy garażu.

Furtka means a small gate, usually one for people to walk through. It is not the same as brama, which usually means a large gate or main gate, often big enough for cars.

So in this sentence, furtka do ogrodu is something like the little gate leading to the garden.

Because the preposition do requires the genitive case in Polish.

• basic form: ogród = garden
• genitive form: ogrodu

So:

• do ogrodu = to the garden / into the garden / leading to the garden

This is a very common pattern:

• do domu = to the house
• do szkoły = to school
• do sklepu = to the shop

Not necessarily. In this sentence, do ogrodu describes what kind of gate it is: a gate to/into the garden.

So furtka do ogrodu means:

• the gate to the garden
• the garden gate
• the gate leading into the garden

It is not saying that anyone is moving right now. It is simply identifying the gate.

Because przy takes the locative case.

• basic form: garaż = garage
• locative form: garażu

So:

• przy garażu = by the garage / next to the garage / near the garage

This is another common Polish pattern:

• przy domu = by the house
• przy stole = at the table
• przy oknie = by the window

Here przy means by, next to, near, or beside.

So jest przy garażu means the gate is located close to the garage.

It usually suggests physical proximity, but not necessarily direct contact. Depending on context, English could translate it as:

• by the garage
• next to the garage
• near the garage

Jest is the 3rd person singular of być = to be, so here it means is.

• Furtka do ogrodu jest przy garażu. = The gate to the garden is by the garage.

In standard Polish, jest is natural and expected in a sentence like this.

Sometimes Polish can omit jest in very informal speech, notes, or headlines, but that would sound less complete. For a normal full sentence, jest is the correct choice.

Yes. Polish word order is more flexible than English, because endings show grammatical relationships.

For example, these are all possible:

• Furtka do ogrodu jest przy garażu.
• Przy garażu jest furtka do ogrodu.
• Jest przy garażu furtka do ogrodu. (less neutral, more marked)

The most neutral version is the original one. Changing the order usually changes emphasis, not the basic meaning.

For example:

• Furtka do ogrodu jest przy garażu.
  Focuses first on the gate.

• Przy garażu jest furtka do ogrodu.
  Focuses first on the location.

Because Polish does not have articles like a or the.

So furtka can mean:

• a gate
• the gate

and the exact meaning depends on context.

The same is true for:

• ogród = a garden / the garden
• garaż = a garage / the garage

In translation, English needs an article, but Polish does not.

They are very similar, but not exactly identical in feel.

• furtka do ogrodu = a gate to the garden, emphasizing destination/function
• ogrodowa furtka = a garden gate, emphasizing that it is garden-related

In many contexts they could refer to the same thing. The original phrase, furtka do ogrodu, is very natural if you want to stress that this is the gate that leads into the garden.

A simple approximate pronunciation is:

• garażu ≈ ga-RA-zhoo

A few points:

• ż sounds like the s in measure or the g in genre
• u sounds like oo in food
• the stress is usually on the second-to-last syllable in Polish, so here: ga-RA-żu

Also:

• furtka ≈ FOORT-ka
• ogrodu ≈ o-GRO-du

These are only rough English approximations, but they are a helpful start.

In natural English, The gate to the garden is by the garage or The garden gate is by the garage is better.

Polish do ogrodu most naturally means:

• to the garden
• leading to the garden

So the sentence describes the gate’s location and function, not that the gate is somehow intended for the garden in a vague sense.