Chleb jest już pokrojony.

The bread is already cut.

Breakdown of Chleb jest już pokrojony.

• być: to be
• chleb: the bread
• już: already
• pokrojony: cut

Questions & Answers about Chleb jest już pokrojony.

What case is chleb in here?

Chleb is in the nominative case because it is the subject of the sentence.

You can think of the structure as:

• chleb = the thing being talked about
• jest już pokrojony = what is being said about it

Even though in English bread might feel like the thing affected by the action, in this Polish sentence it is still grammatically the subject.

Why is jest used?

Jest is the 3rd person singular present form of być (to be).

Here it links the subject chleb with pokrojony. So the sentence has the structure:

• Chleb
  • jest
    • pokrojony

This is very common in Polish when describing a state or result:

• Drzwi są zamknięte = The door is closed.
• Obiad jest gotowy = Dinner is ready.
• Chleb jest już pokrojony = The bread is already sliced/cut.

What does już add to the sentence?