W tym roku chcielibyśmy spędzić urlop nad morzem.

W tym roku literally means in this year, i.e. this year.

The preposition w (in) requires the locative case here, so ten rok changes form:

• ten rok = this year (dictionary/basic form)
• w tym roku = in this year / this year

So:

• ten → tym
• rok → roku

This is very common in Polish:

• w tym domu = in this house
• w tym mieście = in this city
• w tym roku = this year

So the sentence starts with a time expression: This year...

Because after w in this meaning, Polish uses the locative case.

The noun rok changes like this:

• nominative: rok
• locative: roku

So:

• rok = year
• w roku = in the year

This is just case grammar: the preposition determines the form of the noun.

Chcielibyśmy means we would like.

It comes from the verb chcieć = to want, but this form is more polite, softer, and less direct than plain chcemy = we want.

So compare:

• Chcemy spędzić urlop nad morzem. = We want to spend our holiday by the sea.
• Chcielibyśmy spędzić urlop nad morzem. = We would like to spend our holiday by the sea.

In English, would like often sounds more natural and polite than want, and Polish works similarly here.

It is a conditional form.

You can think of it roughly as:

• chcieli- = wanted
• -by- = conditional marker
• -śmy = we

So chcielibyśmy = we would want / we would like

A useful pattern:

• chciałbym = I would like (male speaker)
• chciałabym = I would like (female speaker)
• chcielibyśmy = we would like (group with at least one male / mixed group)
• chciałybyśmy = we would like (all-female group)

Because Polish often omits subject pronouns when the verb already shows who the subject is.

The ending in chcielibyśmy already tells you the subject is we.

So Polish does not need my here:

• Chcielibyśmy... = We would like...
• My chcielibyśmy... = We would like... (with extra emphasis on we)

Adding my is possible, but usually only if you want contrast or emphasis, for example:

• My chcielibyśmy spędzić urlop nad morzem, a oni w górach.
  We would like to spend the holiday by the sea, and they in the mountains.

Spędzić is the perfective form, and spędzać is the imperfective form.

Here, spędzić urlop means to spend a holiday/vacation as a complete whole. That is why the perfective verb is natural.

• spędzić = to spend, complete the time period
• spędzać = to spend habitually / repeatedly / in an ongoing sense

So:

• Chcielibyśmy spędzić urlop nad morzem.
  = We’d like to spend the holiday by the sea.
  (one complete holiday)

But:

• Zwykle spędzamy urlop nad morzem.
  = We usually spend our holiday by the sea.
  (habit/repeated action)

This is a very common Polish aspect difference.

Here urlop is in the accusative case, because it is the direct object of spędzić.

The base form is:

• urlop = holiday / leave / vacation time off

In this sentence, the accusative singular happens to look the same as the nominative:

• nominative: urlop
• accusative: urlop

So the form does not change visibly, but grammatically it is accusative.

This is a very common learner question.

urlop

Usually means leave from work / time off / holiday period for adults.

wakacje

Usually means vacation, especially school or university holidays, or more generally a vacation trip/season.

So in this sentence, urlop sounds very natural if adults are talking about taking time off work.

Compare:

• Jadę na urlop. = I’m going on leave / going on holiday.
• Dzieci mają wakacje. = The children are on vacation / school holidays.

In many contexts both can relate to a trip, but urlop strongly suggests time off work.

Nad morzem means by the sea or at the seaside.

It does not usually mean physically above the sea in this kind of sentence. It is a normal Polish way to say a seaside location.

So:

• spędzić urlop nad morzem = spend a holiday by the sea / at the seaside

This is one of the standard expressions for talking about holiday destinations.

Because Polish uses different cases depending on whether the phrase expresses location or movement toward a destination.

Location: nad + instrumental

• nad morzem = by the sea / at the seaside

Movement toward: nad + accusative

• nad morze = to the seaside / to the sea

So compare:

• Chcielibyśmy spędzić urlop nad morzem.
  = We would like to spend our holiday by the sea.
  (location)

• Jedziemy nad morze.
  = We are going to the seaside.
  (movement toward)

This location-vs-motion contrast is very important with Polish prepositions.

Because after nad when it means location, Polish uses the instrumental case.

So:

• morze = sea
• nad morzem = by the sea / at the seaside

The noun changes from morze to morzem because of case.

A similar pattern:

• pod stołem = under the table
• przed domem = in front of the house
• nad morzem = by the sea

Yes. That would be completely correct.

The difference is mostly in tone:

• chcemy = we want
• chcielibyśmy = we would like

So:

• Chcemy... sounds more direct and straightforward.
• Chcielibyśmy... sounds softer, more tentative, and often more polite.

If someone is talking about plans or wishes, chcielibyśmy is often very natural.

No, Polish word order is fairly flexible, although some orders sound more natural than others depending on emphasis.

The neutral version here is:

• W tym roku chcielibyśmy spędzić urlop nad morzem.

But you could also hear:

• Chcielibyśmy w tym roku spędzić urlop nad morzem.
• Urlop chcielibyśmy spędzić w tym roku nad morzem.

These alternatives shift emphasis slightly.

Very roughly:

• W tym roku... puts this year first, setting the time frame.
• Chcielibyśmy... first puts focus on the wish/desire.
• nad morzem near the end gives the destination as the key final piece of information.

So the original sentence is natural and neutral, especially if the speaker wants to contrast this year with other years.