W czerwcu chcielibyśmy spędzić weekend nad morzem.

Because the preposition w often requires the locative case when it means in a place or time period.

• Dictionary form: czerwiec = June
• Locative form: czerwcu

So:

• w czerwcu = in June

This is a common pattern with months:

• w maju = in May
• w lipcu = in July
• w listopadzie = in November

So w czerwiec would be ungrammatical here.

It changes because Polish nouns usually change form depending on their grammatical case.

The month czerwiec has the locative singular form czerwcu after w in a time expression.

This change is not something you can always predict perfectly from English, so it is usually best to learn it as a set phrase:

• w czerwcu = in June

You will see similar stem changes in other Polish nouns too. The important thing for a learner is to recognize that this is a normal case ending, not a different word.

Chcielibyśmy is more polite, softer, and less direct than chcemy.

• chcemy = we want
• chcielibyśmy = we would like

So the sentence means something like:

• In June, we’d like to spend a weekend by the sea.

Using chcielibyśmy sounds natural when talking about wishes, plans, or preferences in a gentle way.

Compare:

• Chcemy spędzić weekend nad morzem. = We want to spend a weekend by the sea.
• Chcielibyśmy spędzić weekend nad morzem. = We would like to spend a weekend by the sea.

It is the conditional form of chcieć = to want.

You can think of it as:

• chcieli
  • by
    • śmy

Roughly:

• chcieli = wanted
• by = conditional particle
• śmy = we

Together: chcielibyśmy = we would like / we would want

This is a very common Polish pattern:

• zrobilibyśmy = we would do
• pojechalibyśmy = we would go
• kupilibyśmy = we would buy

Because spędzić is the perfective verb, and here the speaker is talking about completing one whole action: spending one weekend.

• spędzić = to spend, to complete the spending of
• spędzać = to spend habitually / repeatedly / over time

In this sentence, the idea is a single completed event:

• spędzić weekend = spend a weekend

If you were talking about repeated behavior, you might use spędzać:

• Latem często spędzamy weekendy nad morzem. = In summer we often spend weekends by the sea.

So spędzić fits because this is one planned weekend, not a repeated habit.

Here weekend is the direct object of spędzić, so it is in the accusative case.

But weekend is a masculine inanimate noun, and for many masculine inanimate nouns, the accusative singular looks the same as the nominative singular.

So:

• nominative: weekend
• accusative: weekend

That is why the form does not visibly change.

Compare with another masculine inanimate noun:

• mam stół = I have a table
  Here stół also stays the same in the accusative? Actually no: stół becomes stół in accusative singular? For masculine inanimate, yes, it stays the same as nominative.

So spędzić weekend is completely normal.

Morzem is the instrumental singular of morze = sea.

After the preposition nad, Polish uses:

• instrumental for location: at/by/over
• accusative for movement toward: to

So:

• nad morzem = by the sea / at the seaside
• nad morze = to the seaside / to the sea

In your sentence, the idea is location, not movement, so nad morzem is correct.

The difference is basically location versus direction.

• nad morzem = by the sea, at the seaside
  This answers where?
• nad morze = to the sea, to the seaside
  This answers where to?

Examples:

• Spędzimy weekend nad morzem. = We will spend the weekend by the sea.
• Jedziemy nad morze. = We’re going to the seaside.

So in your sentence, since they want to spend the weekend there, Polish uses the location form nad morzem.

Because in Polish, the verb ending often already shows who the subject is.

In chcielibyśmy, the ending -śmy tells you the subject is we.

So my is not necessary.

• Chcielibyśmy spędzić weekend nad morzem. = We would like to spend a weekend by the sea.

You can add my for emphasis:

• My chcielibyśmy spędzić weekend nad morzem.

That sounds more like:

• We would like to spend a weekend by the sea.

So the pronoun is usually omitted unless you want emphasis or contrast.

No, Polish word order is fairly flexible, although some orders sound more natural than others.

The sentence:

• W czerwcu chcielibyśmy spędzić weekend nad morzem.

is a very natural neutral order.

It starts with W czerwcu to set the time first: In June...

You could also say:

• Chcielibyśmy w czerwcu spędzić weekend nad morzem.
• Weekend chcielibyśmy spędzić w czerwcu nad morzem.

These are grammatically possible, but they shift emphasis.

In general:

• sentence-initial position often gives emphasis or sets the scene
• the neutral version here is the one you were given

Usually it means a weekend in a general sense, because Polish has no articles like a and the.

So spędzić weekend can mean:

• spend a weekend
• spend the weekend

The exact meaning depends on context.

In this sentence, without extra context, English would usually translate it as:

• We’d like to spend a weekend by the sea in June.

If the speaker meant a specific weekend already known to both people, context would make that clear.

In Polish, names of months are normally written with a lowercase letter, not a capital.

So:

• czerwiec = June
• lipiec = July
• grudzień = December

This is different from English. So w czerwcu with a lowercase c is correct.

This is a word many learners find difficult at first.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

• hch-CHYE-lee-bish-my

But it is better to break it into parts:

• chcie-
• -li-
• -by-
• -śmy

A few helpful points:

• ch sounds like a strong h sound
• cie sounds roughly like chye
• y is not the same as English ee
• śmy can be tricky; the ś is a soft sh-like sound

Polish stress is usually on the second-to-last syllable, so here the stress falls on:

• chcie-li-BYŚ-my

Yes, absolutely. That would be grammatically correct.

The difference is in tone:

• chcemy = we want
• chcielibyśmy = we would like

So:

• W czerwcu chcemy spędzić weekend nad morzem.
  sounds more direct and firm.
• W czerwcu chcielibyśmy spędzić weekend nad morzem.
  sounds softer, more polite, and a bit more tentative.

Both are natural, but chcielibyśmy often sounds nicer in conversation.