Kto mówi o nowym projekcie?

Kto means who and is the normal question word for asking about the subject of the sentence.

In Kto mówi o nowym projekcie?, kto is the person doing the action, so it is in the nominative role, just like who in English.

Compare:

• Kto mówi? = Who is speaking?
• Kogo widzisz? = Who do you see?
  Here kogo is different because it is an object, not a subject.

Mówi is the 3rd person singular present-tense form of mówić (to speak / to talk / to say, depending on context).

So:

• ja mówię = I speak / I am speaking
• ty mówisz = you speak
• on/ona/ono mówi = he/she/it speaks

With kto, Polish normally uses 3rd person singular, so:

• Kto mówi? = Who is speaking?

Polish present tense often covers both the simple present and the present continuous meanings that English separates.

So mówi can mean:

• speaks
• is speaking
• is talking

The exact translation depends on context. In a sentence like Kto mówi o nowym projekcie?, English will usually translate it as Who is talking about the new project?, but the Polish form itself does not need a separate is ... -ing structure.

The preposition o here means about.

So:

• mówić o czymś = to talk/speak about something

Examples:

• Mówię o pracy. = I’m talking about work.
• Oni mówią o filmie. = They’re talking about the film.

This is a very common pattern in Polish: mówić o + locative case.

Because the preposition o meaning about requires the locative case.

So nowy projekt changes into the locative:

• nowy projekt = nominative, new project
• o nowym projekcie = locative, about the new project

Both the adjective and the noun change:

• nowy → nowym
• projekt → projekcie

They are in the locative singular.

More specifically:

• projekcie is the locative singular of projekt
• nowym agrees with projekcie, so it is also locative singular

Because projekt is a masculine inanimate noun, the adjective takes the form nowym in the locative singular.

This is a normal spelling and sound change that happens in some Polish noun forms.

The noun projekt in the locative singular becomes projekcie:

• projekt
• o projekcie

The ending -cie reflects a softening of the final consonant before the case ending. You do not need to think of it as irregular; it is just one of the common patterns you learn with case forms.

It is best to memorize it together with the preposition:

• o projekcie = about the project

Not by itself. Mówić has a few related meanings, and the preposition helps specify them.

For example:

• mówić = to speak / to say
• mówić o czymś = to talk about something
• mówić po polsku = to speak Polish
• mówić do kogoś = to speak to someone

So in this sentence, o is important because it gives the meaning talk about.

Yes, Polish word order is more flexible than English, because the endings show the grammatical roles.

The neutral, most natural order here is:

• Kto mówi o nowym projekcie?

But other orders are possible for emphasis, for example:

• O nowym projekcie kto mówi?

That version sounds more marked or contrastive, as if you are especially focusing on about the new project. For a learner, the original order is the best one to use.

You can answer by naming the person and keeping the same verb pattern.

Examples:

• Anna mówi o nowym projekcie. = Anna is talking about the new project.
• Mój szef mówi o nowym projekcie. = My boss is talking about the new project.
• Nikt nie mówi o nowym projekcie. = Nobody is talking about the new project.

A simple approximation is:

Kto mówi o nowym projekcie?
kto MOO-vee o NO-vim pro-YEK-chye

A few useful notes:

• kto = the k is pronounced, unlike English who
• ó in mówi sounds like u
• w in Polish sounds like English v
• cie in projekcie sounds roughly like chye in careful approximation

So mówi sounds like MOO-vee, not like English movie exactly, but fairly close.

Yes. Nowym is the adjective nowy (new) changed to match the noun it describes.

Adjectives in Polish must agree with the noun in:

• gender
• number
• case

Since projekcie is singular, masculine, and locative, the adjective must also be singular, masculine, and locative:

• nowy projekt
• o nowym projekcie

This kind of adjective-noun agreement is a basic and very important feature of Polish grammar.