Ta marynarka pasuje do ciemnego krawata.

Because marynarka is a feminine noun in Polish, and the demonstrative this has to agree with the noun’s gender.

• masculine: ten
• feminine: ta
• neuter: to

So:

• ta marynarka = this blazer / this suit jacket

Even though marynarka ends in -a, which often signals feminine nouns, the important thing is that the whole phrase agrees grammatically.

Marynarka usually means a blazer, suit jacket, or sport coat, not just any kind of jacket.

So it is more formal than:

• kurtka = jacket, coat
• płaszcz = coat

In this sentence, marynarka is the kind of jacket you would wear with a shirt and tie.

Because the subject is singular: ta marynarka.

The verb pasować here is conjugated in the 3rd person singular present:

• pasuję = I match / fit
• pasujesz = you match / fit
• pasuje = he/she/it matches / fits
• pasują = they match / fit

So:

• Ta marynarka pasuje... = This blazer matches / goes with...

If the subject were plural, you would use pasują:

• Te marynarki pasują... = These blazers go with...

Because Polish uses the pattern pasować do + genitive to mean to match, to go with, or to suit in combination with something.

So:

• pasować do czegoś = to go with something

Examples:

• Ta koszula pasuje do spodni. = This shirt goes with the trousers.
• Te buty pasują do sukienki. = These shoes go with the dress.

This is one of those cases where you should learn the verb together with its preposition:

• pasować do

Even if English uses with, Polish uses do in this structure.

Because the preposition do requires the genitive case.

The basic dictionary form is:

• ciemny krawat = a dark tie

But after do, both the noun and the adjective change to genitive:

• do ciemnego krawata

Here is the breakdown:

• krawat → krawata
• ciemny → ciemnego

So the sentence follows this pattern:

• pasuje do + genitive

That is why you get do ciemnego krawata.

Because adjectives in Polish must agree with the noun they describe in:

• gender
• number
• case

Here, krawat is:

• masculine
• singular
• in the genitive case

So the adjective must also be:

• masculine
• singular
• genitive

That gives:

• ciemny krawat = nominative
• ciemnego krawata = genitive

This kind of change is very common in Polish, so it is worth learning adjective endings together with case patterns.

No. Pasować has a few related meanings, and the structure helps you understand which one is meant.

Common uses:

• pasować do + genitive = to match / go with

  • Ta marynarka pasuje do ciemnego krawata.

• pasować komuś = to suit someone

  • Ta marynarka ci pasuje. = This blazer suits you.

• pasować can also mean to fit in the sense of size or form

  • Te buty pasują. = These shoes fit.

So in your sentence, because of do, the meaning is clearly matches / goes with.

Not completely. Polish word order is more flexible than English, because the endings show the grammatical relationships.

The neutral, most natural order here is:

• Ta marynarka pasuje do ciemnego krawata.

But other orders are possible for emphasis, for example:

• Do ciemnego krawata pasuje ta marynarka.

That version puts more focus on the dark tie.

Still, for learners, the original sentence is the safest and most natural word order to use.

In practice, yes, the idea is about two items matching each other. But grammatically, the sentence presents the blazer as the subject:

• Ta marynarka = the thing being talked about
• pasuje do ciemnego krawata = goes with the dark tie

If you want to make the tie the subject instead, you would say:

• Ten krawat pasuje do tej marynarki.

So the relationship is similar, but the grammatical focus changes.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

ta ma-ry-NAR-ka pa-SU-ye do che-MNE-go kra-VA-ta

A few useful points:

• Polish stress usually falls on the second-to-last syllable
• ci in ciemnego sounds roughly like ch in cheek, but softer
• j in Polish sounds like English y
• so pasuje sounds roughly like pa-SU-ye

This is only an approximation, but it is good enough to get started.