Sprzedawca na rynku poleca też świeży szpinak i biały twaróg.

Sprzedawca means seller, vendor, or shop assistant, depending on context.

Even though it ends in -a, it is usually a masculine noun when referring to a man. Polish has a group of masculine nouns with -a endings, especially for professions or roles, for example:

• mężczyzna = man
• kolega = male friend / colleague
• sprzedawca = male seller

So in this sentence, sprzedawca is grammatically masculine, even though its ending may look feminine to an English speaker.

It is in the nominative singular because it is the subject of the sentence.

The sentence structure is basically:

• Sprzedawca = the seller
• poleca = recommends
• świeży szpinak i biały twaróg = fresh spinach and white curd cheese

So sprzedawca is the person doing the action.

Na rynku means at the market or in the market square / marketplace, depending on context.

The preposition na often means:

• on
• at
• sometimes in, depending on the place

Here, na rynku is the normal Polish expression for being at the market.

Grammatically:

• na
  • location usually takes the locative
• rynek becomes rynku in the locative singular

So:

• rynek = market / market square
• na rynku = at the market

This is something you often just have to learn together as a set phrase: na rynku.

Because after na when it means location, Polish uses the locative case.

The noun rynek has the dictionary form:

• rynek = nominative singular

But in the locative singular it becomes:

• rynku

So:

• rynek → na rynku

This kind of change is very common in Polish. You usually learn the noun in its base form, then see how it changes after different prepositions.

Poleca means recommends.

It comes from the verb polecać, which is an imperfective verb. In this sentence:

• poleca = he/she recommends

It is:

• 3rd person singular
• present tense

So the whole sentence means that the seller is recommending those products.

In contexts like shops or markets, polecać is very common:

• Polecam ten ser. = I recommend this cheese.
• Co pan poleca? = What do you recommend?

Też means also or too.

In Polish, words like też are often placed near the part of the sentence they modify, but Polish word order is more flexible than English word order.

Here:

• Sprzedawca na rynku poleca też świeży szpinak i biały twaróg.

This naturally means:

• The seller at the market also recommends fresh spinach and white curd cheese.

Placing też after the verb sounds natural and idiomatic. You may also see different placements in other sentences, but this one is very normal.

Because they are the direct objects of poleca, which normally takes the accusative case.

However, there is an important detail:

• szpinak and twaróg are masculine inanimate nouns
• for masculine inanimate singular nouns, the accusative is usually the same as the nominative

So:

• świeży szpinak looks the same in nominative and accusative
• biały twaróg also looks the same in nominative and accusative

That is why the forms do not visibly change here.

The adjectives agree with the nouns in:

• gender
• number
• case

So both adjective+noun phrases are in the accusative singular masculine inanimate, which happens to look like the nominative.

Yes. This is a very important Polish pattern.

For masculine animate singular nouns, the accusative usually looks like the genitive, not the nominative.

Compare:

• Widzę stół. = I see a table.
  (stół is masculine inanimate, so accusative looks like nominative)

• Widzę psa. = I see a dog.
  (pies is masculine animate, so accusative changes)

So in your sentence, szpinak and twaróg stay the same because they are inanimate.

These are simply adjective + noun combinations:

• świeży szpinak = fresh spinach
• biały twaróg = white curd cheese / farmer’s cheese / quark-like cheese

The adjectives come before the nouns, just like in English:

• świeży = fresh
• biały = white

And they must agree with the noun in case, gender, and number.

Twaróg is a traditional Polish fresh cheese, often translated as:

• curd cheese
• farmer’s cheese
• sometimes quark (though not always perfectly equivalent)

In Poland, biały twaróg literally means white curd cheese, distinguishing it from other types of cheese. It is a very common food in Polish culture.

So this is both a vocabulary point and a cultural point: twaróg is a very normal, everyday Polish food item.

Because Polish has no articles.

English uses:

• a seller
• the seller

Polish simply says:

• sprzedawca

The exact meaning depends on context. So sprzedawca could mean:

• a seller
• the seller

Likewise:

• świeży szpinak could mean fresh spinach
• some fresh spinach
• the fresh spinach, depending on context

This is one of the biggest differences between English and Polish.

Polish word order is relatively flexible, though some orders sound more natural than others.

The given sentence is very natural:

• Sprzedawca na rynku poleca też świeży szpinak i biały twaróg.

But Polish can move elements around for emphasis, for example:

• Na rynku sprzedawca poleca też świeży szpinak i biały twaróg.
• Świeży szpinak i biały twaróg też poleca sprzedawca na rynku.

These alternatives may sound more marked or emphasize different parts of the sentence.

So the original version is probably the most neutral and natural for a learner to use.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

• świeży ≈ SHVYE-zhih

A few important sounds:

• ś is a soft sh sound
• w in Polish sounds like English v
• ż sounds like the s in measure

Polish stress is usually on the second-to-last syllable, so:

• ŚWIE-ż y

If you want to approximate it in English, think something like:

• shvye-zhih

Not perfect, but helpful as a starting point.

Twaróg is pronounced roughly:

• tfa-ROOK or tva-ROOK as a rough approximation

But remember: Polish stress is usually on the penultimate syllable, so the stress is on -róg only because it is a two-syllable word:

• twa-RÓG

A few sound notes:

• w sounds like English v
• ó sounds like u
• final g is a normal hard g

So a rough learner-friendly version is:

• tva-ROOG

Yes. Też often corresponds to both also and too in English.

For example:

• Ja też chcę. = I want that too / I also want that.
• On też to lubi. = He also likes it.

In your sentence, też means that the seller recommends these items in addition to something else already mentioned or understood from context.