Ona trzyma kubek w ręce.

she

Breakdown of Ona trzyma kubek w ręce.

• w: in
• kubek: the mug
• ręka: the hand

Questions & Answers about Ona trzyma kubek w ręce.

Why is ona included? I thought Polish often drops subject pronouns.

That is a very common question. In Polish, the verb form already shows the person and number, so ona is often optional.

• Trzyma kubek w ręce. = She is holding a mug in her hand.
• Ona trzyma kubek w ręce. = also correct, but ona adds emphasis, contrast, or clarity.

You might include ona if:

• you want to stress that she, not someone else, is doing it
• the subject needs to be especially clear
• you are contrasting: On czyta, a ona trzyma kubek w ręce.

So the sentence with ona is correct, but in many contexts Polish would simply say Trzyma kubek w ręce.

What form is trzyma?

Trzyma is the 3rd person singular present tense form of the verb trzymać.

So the pattern is:

• ja trzymam = I hold
• ty trzymasz = you hold
• on/ona/ono trzyma = he/she/it holds
• my trzymamy = we hold
• wy trzymacie = you all hold
• oni/one trzymają = they hold

In this sentence, trzyma matches ona.

Also, trzymać is usually imperfective, so it describes an ongoing state or action: holding, keeping, carrying in the hand, and so on.

Why is kubek not changing? Shouldn’t the object have a different ending?