Learn Hardcore Polish: Podczas treningu biegamy coraz dalej po parku. - During the training we run farther and farther in the park.

podczas
- noun (genitive)
- podczas treningu – during training
- More formal/neutral, often written style.
w czasie
- noun (usually genitive)
- w czasie treningu – during training
- Very similar meaning, often interchangeable with podczas.
kiedy
- clause (a full sentence)
- Kiedy trenujemy, biegamy coraz dalej po parku. – When we train, we run farther and farther in the park.

You can’t say *podczas trenujemy because podczas must be followed by a noun phrase, not a finite verb.

Why is it biegamy and not biegniemy here?

Polish has two main verbs for “to run”:

biegać – imperfective, habitual or repeated action (“run in general, run regularly”)
biec / biec → biegnę, biegniesz, biegnie, biegniemy… – imperfective but focused on one concrete act of running in progress

Biegamy comes from biegać:

biegam, biegasz, biega, biegamy, biegacie, biegają

We use biegamy here because it describes what happens regularly / typically during training, not one particular run.

If you said:

Podczas treningu biegniemy coraz dalej po parku.

it would sound more like describing this one specific training session that is happening now.

What does biegamy tell us about the subject? Is “we” expressed anywhere?

In Polish, personal pronouns are usually dropped because the verb ending already shows the person and number.

biegamy = we run
(1st person plural, present tense)

So the subject “we” is understood from the ending -my.
You could say my biegamy, but usually you just say biegamy unless you want to emphasize we specifically (e.g., “we, not they”).

What exactly does coraz dalej mean grammatically? How is it formed?

Coraz dalej literally means “more and more far” → “farther and farther”.

daleko – far (adverb)
dalej – farther (comparative adverb)
coraz – increasingly / more and more

Structure: coraz + comparative

More examples:

coraz szybciej – faster and faster
coraz lepiej – better and better
coraz głośniej – louder and louder

So coraz dalej modifies biegamy, describing how the distance keeps increasing.

Could we say coraz dalszy instead of coraz dalej?

No, not in this sentence.

dalej – comparative adverb (“farther”) → describes the action (how we run)
dalszy – comparative adjective (“more distant / farther”) → describes a noun

So:

Biegamy coraz dalej – We run farther and farther. (how we run)
To jest coraz dalsza trasa. – This is an increasingly longer/farther route. (what the route is like)

In your sentence, we’re modifying the verb biegamy, so we must use the adverb: dalej, not the adjective dalszy.

Why is it po parku and not w parku?

Both po and w can appear with parku, but they express different nuances:

po parku – movement within / around / over the area of the park, often with a sense of here and there, along paths, around the space.
- Biegamy coraz dalej po parku. – We run farther and farther around the park / through the park area.
w parku – simply in the park (inside its boundaries), more static or neutral.
- Biegamy w parku. – We run in the park.

In this sentence, po parku nicely emphasizes that the running is over the area/paths of the park, not just merely located “in” it.

Why is it parku and not park after po?

The preposition po normally takes the locative case when it means movement “over/around/within” a surface or area.

park – nominative
parku – locative singular (also genitive singular, but here we need locative)

So:

po + locative → po parku – around/through the park
po ulicy (ulica → ulicy) – along the street
po domu (dom → domu) – around the house (inside)

Using po park would be incorrect because park is not in the locative case.

Could the word order be different, like Biegamy coraz dalej po parku podczas treningu?

Yes. Polish word order is quite flexible. All of these are grammatical:

Podczas treningu biegamy coraz dalej po parku.
Biegamy coraz dalej po parku podczas treningu.
Podczas treningu po parku biegamy coraz dalej.

The natural, neutral version is close to your original sentence, but moving podczas treningu or po parku around is possible.

Changes in order can affect emphasis or style, but the grammatical roles are mostly marked by cases and prepositions, not by position in the sentence.

Does biegamy here mean present continuous (“we are running”) or simple present (“we run”)?

Polish doesn’t strictly separate present simple and present continuous the way English does.

Biegamy can mean:

we run (habitually)
we are running (right now)

The context decides.
In this sentence, because of podczas treningu and the general statement-like feel, it is most naturally understood as:

During training, we (usually) run farther and farther in the park.

So it describes a regular pattern, not one specific moment.

What is the difference between biegać and biegać’s perfective counterparts like pobiegać or przebiegać?

Quick overview:

biegać – imperfective, “to run (in general, habitually)”
- Biegamy podczas treningu. – We run during training.

Perfective verbs related to running (there are several, each with a nuance):

pobiegać – to run for a while / for some time
- Chcę pobiegać w parku. – I want to run in the park (for a bit).
przebiec – to run through / across / or a certain distance (completed)
- Przebiegłem park. – I ran through the park.
- Przebiegłem 5 kilometrów. – I ran 5 kilometers.

In your sentence we use biegamy (from biegać) because we’re talking about a repeated, habitual training activity, not one completed, single action.

Could we drop po parku or podczas treningu and still have a correct sentence?

Yes, both phrases are optional from a grammatical point of view:

Biegamy coraz dalej. – We run farther and farther.
Podczas treningu biegamy coraz dalej. – During training, we run farther and farther.
Biegamy coraz dalej po parku. – We run farther and farther around/in the park.

Each removed phrase makes the sentence less specific:

Without podczas treningu, you lose the information that this is training.
Without po parku, you lose the information where you run.

Are podczas treningu and na treningu the same?

They overlap in meaning but are not identical:

podczas treningu – during training, focuses on the time when something happens.
na treningu – at training / in training, focuses on being at that event / session or place.

Often both are possible with similar meaning:

Podczas treningu biegamy coraz dalej po parku.
Na treningu biegamy coraz dalej po parku.

The first sounds slightly more formal and time-focused; the second is more colloquial, place/event-focused (“at practice”). Both would be easily understood.