Learn Hardcore Polish: Nasz parking został całkowicie odnowiony w zeszłym roku. - Our parking lot was completely renovated last year.

In Polish, został is an auxiliary verb used to form the passive voice in the past tense. Here it combines with the past passive participle odnowiony to mean “was renovated/refurbished.” Without został, you’d need an active construction (“we renovated…”).

Why is the participle odnowiony ending in -y?

Past passive participles agree in gender and number with the subject. Parking is a masculine singular noun, so its participle takes the masculine singular ending -y (odnowion-y). If the subject were feminine, it would be odnowiona, neuter odnowione, etc.

What is the infinitive form of odnowiony, and how do you form its past passive participle?

The base verb is odnowić (to renew/renovate). To form the past passive participle for masculine singular, you drop -ić and add -iony, giving odnowiony. For other genders and numbers you adjust the ending (-iona, ‑ione, ‑ieni, etc.).

Why is parking treated as a masculine noun in Polish?

Although parking is an English loanword, Polish assigns it masculine gender (inanimate). It follows the regular declension pattern for most masculine nouns (e.g. genitive parkingu, dative parkingowi, etc.). Its gender determines agreement with participles and adjectives.