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Questions & Answers about Dobry sen jest ważny.
Why is there no word for “a” or “the” before sen in Dobry sen jest ważny?
Polish does not use articles. Nouns stand alone, so sen can mean “sleep” or “a sleep” or “the sleep” depending on context.
Why is dobry placed before sen, and could the order be different?
Adjectives normally precede nouns in Polish, just like in English. You technically could say Sen dobry jest ważny for emphasis, but it sounds marked or poetic. The standard word order is Dobry sen.
How do I know that dobry and ważny match sen in gender, number, and case?
Sen is masculine, singular, nominative (the subject of the sentence). Adjectives describing it must also be masculine singular nominative. That’s why it’s dobry (not dobra/dobre) and ważny (not ważna/ważne).
What case is sen in, and why?
Sen is in the nominative case because it’s the subject of the sentence. The structure is Subject (Dobry sen) + Verb (jest) + Predicate adjective (ważny).
Why does the predicate adjective ważny stay in the nominative case instead of using, say, the instrumental?
With the verb być (to be), predicates that rename or describe the subject use the nominative case in modern Polish. In older Polish you might see instrumental, but today it’s nominative.
What exactly is jest here?
Jest is the 3rd person singular present tense of być (“to be”). It links the subject (Dobry sen) with the description (ważny).
How do I pronounce Dobry sen jest ważny?
The stress in Polish is almost always on the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable. Phonetically:
- Dobry: DOH-bri (stress on DOH)
- sen: like English “sen” in “sentry” without “try”
- jest: like English “yes” but starting with a “j” sound
- ważny: VAZH-nih (stress on VAZH; “ż” = /ʐ/ as in “measure”)
Could sen here mean “dream” instead of “sleep”?
While sen can mean “dream,” the phrase dobry sen is a common collocation for “good sleep.” Context tells you it’s about quality rest, not having a nice dream.
Why do we say dobry sen and not dobre spanie?
Sen is the standard noun for “sleep.” Spanie is a verbal noun (gerund), more literally “the act of sleeping,” and sounds awkward in this context. Native speakers almost always use sen here.