Wiosną w ogrodzie rosną kwiaty.

Polish doesn’t have articles like a, an or the. Nouns stand alone, and context tells you if they’re definite or indefinite. To add specificity, Polish uses:

• Demonstratives: te kwiaty (“those flowers”), te konkretne kwiaty (“these particular flowers”)
• Quantifiers: kilka kwiatów (“a few flowers”), wszystkie kwiaty (“all the flowers”)
  Otherwise, just kwiaty can mean “flowers” in general or “the flowers,” depending on context.

Wiosną is the instrumental case of wiosna (“spring”). In Polish, the instrumental often serves as a temporal adverbial to answer “when?”

• wiosną – “in spring” (habitual or descriptive timing)
  Other examples: zimą (“in winter”), latem (“in the summer”).

Ogrodzie is the locative case of ogród (“garden”). After certain prepositions like w (“in”), Polish uses the locative to show location:

• w ogrodzie – “in the garden”
  Without a preposition, the locative does not exist in modern Polish; it’s always tied to a preposition.

Rosną is:

• Present tense
• Third person
• Plural
  It agrees with the plural subject kwiaty. The infinitive is rosnąć (“to grow”).

Both translate as “in spring” but with a subtle nuance:

• Wiosną (instrumental) describes a general or habitual time: “Every spring…”
• Na wiosnę (accusative) often points to a specific upcoming time or plan: “This coming spring…”
  Example:
  • Wiosną kwiaty rosną w ogrodzie. (Every spring flowers grow in the garden.)
  • Na wiosnę posadzę kwiaty w ogrodzie. (I will plant flowers this coming spring.)

Polish stress almost always falls on the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable:
• wi-OS-ną
• w og-RO-dzie
• ROS-ną
• kwi-A-ty
Pronunciation tips:

• ą is nasal [ɔ̃], like French “on.”
• rz in rosną is [ʐ], like the “s” in “leisure.”
• w ogrodzie sounds [v ɔˈɡrɔ.d͡ʑɛ], with the “dzi” pronounced [d͡ʑ].