Learn Hardcore Polish: Nasza kuchnia ma niski sufit.

Polish does not use definite or indefinite articles. You simply say the noun with any modifiers you need. Context tells you whether it’s “a” or “the.”

What part of speech is nasza, and why does it look like that?

nasza is a possessive pronoun (first person plural). It must agree with kuchnia (feminine singular nominative), so we use the feminine singular form nasza.

Why is ma used here instead of jest?

ma is the 3rd person singular present form of mieć (“to have”). In Polish you say “kitchen has a low ceiling” rather than “kitchen is a low ceiling.” If you used jest, you’d need a different structure (see a later question).

Why is niski not niskie or niskiego?

Adjectives agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they describe. sufit is masculine inanimate singular, and as a direct object it’s in the accusative. For masculine inanimate nouns, the accusative form is identical to the nominative, so the adjective stays niski.

What grammatical case is niski sufit?

It’s the accusative singular functioning as the direct object of ma. Because sufit is inanimate masculine, accusative = nominative in form.

Can adjectives appear after the noun, as in sufit niski?

The neutral, most common order is adjective before noun (niski sufit). Putting it after (sufit niski) is possible for poetic or emphatic effect but is not typical in everyday speech.

How do you turn this statement into a yes/no question?

Add Czy at the beginning and keep the word order:
Czy nasza kuchnia ma niski sufit?

How can you say the same idea using być (“to be”)?

Shift sufit to the subject and use jest (“is”):
Sufit w naszej kuchni jest niski.
Here w naszej kuchni is a locative phrase (“in our kitchen”).