Pod koniec dnia piję herbatę.

At the end of the day, I drink tea.

Breakdown of Pod koniec dnia piję herbatę.

• herbata: the tea
• dzień: the day
• pić: to drink
• pod koniec: at the end of

Questions & Answers about Pod koniec dnia piję herbatę.

What does pod koniec mean here?

Pod koniec literally translates as “under the end,” but in time expressions it means “towards the end” or “at the end of”. It introduces an approximate period just before something finishes.

Why is dnia in the genitive case?

When pod is used to mark a point or period in time, it governs the genitive. Here dzień in genitive becomes dnia, so pod koniec dnia = “towards the end of the day.”

Could I say na koniec dnia instead of pod koniec dnia, and what’s the difference?

You can say na koniec dnia, but it shifts the nuance.

• pod koniec dnia (genitive) = towards the end, an approximate span.
• na koniec dnia (accusative) = for the end, often implying a final act or goal (e.g. “na koniec dnia chcę zrobić podsumowanie” = “at the very end of the day I want to summarize”).

Why is piję in the present tense? Doesn’t Polish have a continuous aspect separate from simple present?

Polish does not grammatically distinguish “I drink” vs. “I am drinking.” The imperfective present (piję) covers both habitual and ongoing actions. Context or time phrases (like pod koniec dnia) tell you it’s habitual here.

What case is herbatę, and why is it accusative?

Herbatę is feminine singular in the accusative, used because pić is a transitive imperfective verb that requires a direct object. Nominative would be herbata, but as the thing being drunk it must be herbatę.

Can I switch the word order, for example Herbatę piję pod koniec dnia?

Yes. Polish has relatively free word order.

• Pod koniec dnia piję herbatę (neutral)
• Herbatę piję pod koniec dnia (emphasizes “tea”)
  Both are correct; the change highlights whichever element you put first.

What is the aspect of piję, and could I use a perfective form instead?

Piję is imperfective, focusing on the ongoing or habitual nature of drinking. The perfective counterpart is wypiję (“I will drink up/finish drinking”).
Using wypiję herbatę pod koniec dnia implies you will complete the action and emphasizes its endpoint.

What’s the difference between piję and popijam herbatę?

Both are imperfective, but:

• piję herbatę = I drink tea (neutral habitual or ongoing).
• popijam herbatę = I sip tea / I occasionally drink tea, implying small, leisurely sips rather than simply stating the activity.