Zgubiłem bagaż na lotnisku.

I lost my luggage at the airport.

Breakdown of Zgubiłem bagaż na lotnisku.

• ja: I
• na: at
• zgubić: to lose
• lotnisko: the airport
• bagaż: the luggage

Questions & Answers about Zgubiłem bagaż na lotnisku.

Why isn’t there a possessive pronoun like mój in front of bagaż?

In Polish it’s common to omit a possessive when it’s obvious who owns something. Saying

• Zgubiłem bagaż
  already means “I lost my baggage (of course it’s mine).”
  You could say Zgubiłem mój bagaż, and it’d be correct, but it sounds redundant and less natural.

What case is bagaż in and how can I tell?

Bagaż is the direct object of zgubić, so it’s in the accusative case. For masculine inanimate nouns like bagaż, the singular accusative form is identical to the nominative (bagaż). You recognize it as an object because it answers “what?” after the verb: “What did I lose? – bagaż.”

Why is zgubiłem (perfective) used instead of the imperfective gubiłem?

Polish verbs have two aspects: imperfective (ongoing or habitual actions) and perfective (completed actions).

• gubić bagaż (imperfective) would suggest “I was losing baggage” or “I used to lose baggage,” which doesn’t fit a single event.
• zgubić bagaż (perfective) means “to lose baggage” as a one-time completed action.
  Hence, the past tense of the perfective zgubić is zgubiłem (“I lost [it]”).

Which parts of zgubiłem tell me it’s “I” and “past tense”?

The ending -em marks first person singular past in masculine gender.
Breakdown:
• zgubić – base (perfective infinitive, “to lose”)
• -ł- – past tense marker (attached to the verb stem)
• -em – “I” (1 sg) plus masculine agreement

So zgubiłem = “I (male) lost.”

Why is na lotnisku used instead of w lotnisku?

Certain locations in Polish conventionally take na when describing presence or events there (airports, stations, markets, etc.). So you say:
• Jestem na lotnisku – I’m at the airport
Using w lotnisku would sound odd to a native speaker.

Which case is lotnisku in and why?

Lotnisku is the singular locative form of lotnisko. After prepositions like na, when indicating location (where something happens), Polish uses the locative case. The regular declension for lotnisko in locative is lotnisku.

Why doesn’t the sentence start with a subject pronoun like ja?

In Polish you usually drop subject pronouns because the verb ending already indicates person and number. In zgubiłem, the ending -em makes it clear the subject is “I.” Inserting ja (I) would be grammatically correct but often redundant and used only for emphasis.

How would I say “I lost my suitcase at the airport” following this pattern?

Replace bagaż with walizka (“suitcase”) and apply the feminine accusative ending -ę. You get:
• Zgubiłem walizkę na lotnisku.
This literally means “I lost (my) suitcase at the airport.”