Jesień jest piękną porą roku.

Breakdown of Jesień jest piękną porą roku.

być
to be
piękny
beautiful
pora roku
the season
jesień
the autumn
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Questions & Answers about Jesień jest piękną porą roku.

Why is Jesień capitalized in this sentence? Aren’t seasons lowercase in Polish like in English?
It’s capitalized simply because it’s the first word of the sentence. In Polish, season names (wiosna, lato, jesień, zima) are common nouns and normally written in lowercase when they appear mid-sentence.
How do you pronounce the letters ę and ą in piękną and porą?
  • ę (in piękną): a nasal vowel, roughly like French in in vin. Here it sounds like [pjɛ̃k].
  • ą (in piękną & porą): a nasal o, similar to French on in bon. So piękną ≈ “pjenk-naw” and porą ≈ “por-awm” (with stress on the first syllable of each).
Why is piękną porą in the instrumental case rather than the nominative?

After the verb jest (from być, “to be”), you can use either nominative or instrumental for the predicate. Using the instrumental here emphasizes the state of “being a beautiful season.” Hence:

  • piękna (fem. nom.) → piękną (fem. instr.)
  • pora (fem. nom.) → porą (fem. instr.)
Could you also say Jesień jest piękna pora roku without the instrumental? Would that be correct?
Yes. Using the nominative predicate is common and perfectly acceptable: Jesień jest piękna pora roku. In that version, piękna pora remains nominative (no case change on piękna or pora).
What role does roku play and why is it in the genitive?
The phrase pora roku means “season of the year.” The noun pora (“season”) is followed by roku, the genitive singular of rok (“year”), to express “of the year.” This is a standard genitive construction indicating possession or relationship.
How can I tell that jesień is feminine?

Clues that jesień is feminine:
• It ends in a soft consonant , and many nouns ending in soft consonants are feminine.
• Agreement: you pair it with feminine adjectives—e.g. piękna jesień, not piękny jesień.

Where does the stress fall in Jesień jest piękną porą roku?

Polish words are typically stressed on the penultimate (second-to-last) syllable:
• JE-sień
• PIEK-ną
• PO-rą
• RO-ku
(“jest” is one syllable, so there’s no internal stress shift.)

Can I replace jest with to, as in Jesień to piękna pora roku? What changes then?

Yes, that’s a very common construction. With to as the copula, the predicate must stay in the nominative:
• Jesień to piękna pora roku.
You cannot use the instrumental after to.