Jabłko jest na stole.

The apple is on the table.

Breakdown of Jabłko jest na stole.

• być: to be
• jabłko: the apple
• na: on
• stół: the table

Questions & Answers about Jabłko jest na stole.

Why is it na stole instead of something like na stoł?

In Polish, the word stół (table) changes its form based on case. Stół is in the nominative case (when it’s the subject), but after the preposition na (in the sense of “on”), it’s used in the locative case. The locative form of stół is stole, which is why the sentence is na stole.

What does jest mean, and can I replace it with another verb?

Jest is the third-person singular form of the verb być (to be). It means “is.” If you are simply stating that something exists in a location, jest is the correct verb. You wouldn’t replace it with another verb in this context, though you might sometimes see to used differently (e.g., To jest jabłko means “This is an apple”). But when describing location, jest is standard.

How do I pronounce jabłko correctly, and why does it have that ł?

Pronouncing jabłko can be tricky because of the consonant cluster. The ł in modern Polish sounds similar to the English w, so jabłko is roughly pronounced “YAB-wko.” The ł is a separate letter in Polish, different from the plain l, which is pronounced like the English “l.”

Why doesn’t Polish use words like “the” or “an” before jabłko?

Polish doesn’t have articles (like “the” or “an” in English). Nouns can stand on their own and still have a clear meaning. Context, case endings, and word order often clarify specificity, quantity, and other nuances that articles handle in English.

When do I use na instead of other prepositions?

Na typically means “on” (physically on a surface), but it can also mean “to” or “at” in different contexts. For instance, na stole is “on the table,” na stadion can be “to the stadium,” and na siłowni means “at the gym.” Which preposition to use in Polish often depends on usage conventions, not just direct word-for-word translations from English.