Ja czytam nową książkę.

I

Breakdown of Ja czytam nową książkę.

• nowy: new
• czytać: to read
• książka: the book

Questions & Answers about Ja czytam nową książkę.

Why is the pronoun Ja used here if Polish often omits subject pronouns?

In Polish, verbs are conjugated to show who is doing the action, so the subject pronoun is not always necessary. However, using Ja can add emphasis or clarity. Saying Ja czytam nową książkę highlights that I am the one reading the new book, whereas Czytam nową książkę simply states the action.

Why is the word czytam used instead of something like czytasz or czytamy?

Polish verbs change form based on the subject. Czytam is the first-person singular form (I read or I am reading). Czytasz would mean you read, and czytamy would mean we read.

Why does nową have an ą on the end?

Nową is a feminine adjective in the accusative case, agreeing with the feminine noun książkę (book). The ą ending is a typical way to mark the accusative feminine singular form of the adjective nowy (new).

Why is książkę spelled with ą and ends with ę?

These diacritical marks show specific Polish vowel sounds. The form książkę is the accusative singular form of książka (book).
• ą sounds like an "om" or "on" nasal vowel.
• ę sounds like an "em" or "en" nasal vowel.
In this sentence, książkę is in the accusative case because it is the direct object of the verb czytam.

Is it correct to say czytam nowa książka without changing nowa to nową?

No. In Polish, the adjective must match the noun in gender, number, and case. Because książka is a feminine singular noun in the accusative case (as a direct object), the adjective must also be in the same form: nową.