Roślina doniczkowa usycha.

• roślina = plant
• doniczkowa = in a pot / potted
• usycha = is drying up / is withering / is dying from lack of water

So roślina doniczkowa is a potted plant / houseplant, and usycha describes what is happening to it.

Polish adjectives often do come before the noun, but they can also come after it.

In roślina doniczkowa, the post-noun adjective sounds very natural because it works a bit like a category label: a pot plant / houseplant.

Compare:

• roślina doniczkowa = the normal, dictionary-like phrase
• doniczkowa roślina = possible, but it may sound more descriptive or emphasized

So in this sentence, roślina doniczkowa is just the standard way to say potted plant / houseplant.

It is in the nominative singular.

You can tell because it is the subject of the sentence: the plant is the thing doing or experiencing the action.

The forms match nominative singular feminine:

• roślina — feminine singular nominative
• doniczkowa — adjective agreeing with it in gender, number, and case

So both words match:

• feminine
• singular
• nominative

Because usychać is the dictionary form (the infinitive), meaning to dry up / to wither.

In the sentence, you need a conjugated form:

• usychać = infinitive
• usycha = he/she/it is drying up / withering

Since roślina is a singular noun, Polish uses the 3rd person singular form:

• roślina usycha = the plant is drying up

It is present tense.

In Polish, the present tense of an imperfective verb often covers both:

• dries up
• is drying up

So roślina doniczkowa usycha can mean:

• The houseplant is drying up
• The houseplant is withering
• sometimes The houseplant dries up in a more general sense, depending on context

In everyday context, the most natural English translation is usually The houseplant is drying up or The houseplant is withering.

Usycha comes from usychać, which is imperfective.

That means it focuses on the process:

• the plant is in the process of drying up
• the action is ongoing or repeated, not presented as completed

A related perfective verb is uschnąć:

• Roślina uschła. = The plant dried up / withered completely.
• Roślina uschnie. = The plant will dry up.

So:

• usychać / usycha = process
• uschnąć / uschnie / uschła = completed result

Not exactly. They are related, but not identical.

• usycha = is drying up, often because it lacks water or is gradually dying
• więdnie = is wilting
• schnie = is drying

Some nuance:

• więdnie focuses on the plant losing firmness and freshness
• schnie is a broader word for drying, and can be used for many things, not just plants
• usycha strongly suggests the plant is drying out and may die as a result

So for a neglected plant, usycha is very natural.

A rough pronunciation guide:

rosh-LEE-na do-neech-KO-va oo-SY-kha

A few details:

• ś/si gives a soft sh-like sound
• cz sounds like ch in chop
• w in Polish sounds like English v
• ch is a harsh sound, like the ch in German Bach or Scottish loch
• stress in Polish is usually on the second-to-last syllable:
  • roślina
  • doniczkowa
  • usycha

Because Polish has no articles.

So roślina doniczkowa usycha can mean:

• The houseplant is drying up
• A houseplant is drying up

You understand which one is meant from the context.

If you want to be more specific, Polish usually uses other words, for example:

• Ta roślina doniczkowa usycha. = This houseplant is drying up.
• Jakaś roślina doniczkowa usycha. = Some houseplant is drying up.

Yes.

• Roślina doniczkowa usycha. = neutral statement
• Ta roślina doniczkowa usycha. = This houseplant is drying up
• Usycha roślina doniczkowa. = possible, but marked; it may sound more literary or emphasize the verb
• Doniczkowa roślina usycha. = also possible, but less standard than roślina doniczkowa

Polish word order is more flexible than English, but the most natural neutral version here is:

Roślina doniczkowa usycha.