Odszkodowanie przyjdzie jutro.

Odszkodowanie is a noun. In this sentence it is in the nominative singular, because it is the subject of the sentence — the thing that will come / will arrive.

A few useful facts:

• dictionary form: odszkodowanie
• gender: neuter
• number: singular

Because it is neuter singular, the verb also appears in a matching 3rd person singular form: przyjdzie.

Yes — przyjdzie literally means will come, from the verb przyjść.

In Polish, just like in English in some contexts, you can use come for things like:

• money
• compensation
• a payment
• a letter
• a package

So Odszkodowanie przyjdzie jutro is natural Polish, even though in English you might more often say:

• The compensation will arrive tomorrow
• The compensation will come tomorrow
• The payout will come through tomorrow

So this is a good example of a verb that is physically about movement, but is also used more broadly for things being received.

It is the future tense.

More precisely:

• przyjść is a perfective verb
• perfective Polish verbs form the future with one simple form
• przyjdzie means he/she/it will come

So unlike English, Polish does not need a separate word like will here.

Breakdown:

• infinitive: przyjść
• 3rd person singular future: przyjdzie

Because odszkodowanie is singular and non-personal, przyjdzie means it will come.

Because przyjść is a perfective verb.

In Polish:

• imperfective verbs usually make the future with będę / będziesz / będzie...
  • infinitive or past-style form
• perfective verbs usually have a simple future form

So:

• przychodzić = to be coming / to come regularly, repeatedly
• przyjść = to come, to arrive, as a completed event

Since this sentence refers to one completed future event, Polish uses the perfective form:

• przyjdzie

Not:

• będzie przychodzić — that would suggest repeated or ongoing coming, which does not fit well here.

Jutro here is an adverb, meaning tomorrow.

Because it is functioning as an adverb of time, it does not change for case in this sentence. It simply tells you when the action will happen.

So:

• Odszkodowanie przyjdzie jutro = the compensation will arrive tomorrow

This is different from nouns, which often change their endings depending on case.

Yes. Polish word order is more flexible than English, because the endings and verb form already show the grammatical relationships.

All of these are possible:

• Odszkodowanie przyjdzie jutro.
• Jutro przyjdzie odszkodowanie.
• Odszkodowanie jutro przyjdzie.

The basic meaning stays the same, but the emphasis changes a little:

• Odszkodowanie przyjdzie jutro.
  neutral; a very normal default order

• Jutro przyjdzie odszkodowanie.
  puts more focus on tomorrow

• Odszkodowanie jutro przyjdzie.
  can sound a bit more contrastive, as if reassuring someone: The compensation will come tomorrow

So the original sentence is natural and neutral.

The verb is singular because odszkodowanie is singular.

So:

• odszkodowanie przyjdzie = the compensation will come

If the subject were plural, the verb would also be plural:

• odszkodowania przyjdą jutro = the compensations / compensation payments will come tomorrow

This is standard subject-verb agreement in Polish.

This is a classic Polish aspect question.

• przyjść = perfective

  • one completed arrival
  • focus on the result: it arrives

• przychodzić = imperfective

  • repeated coming
  • ongoing process
  • habitual action

In this sentence, the compensation is expected to arrive once, at a specific future time, so przyjść is the natural choice:

• przyjdzie jutro

If you used the imperfective, it would sound wrong or at least unnatural in this context.

Not always. Depending on context, odszkodowanie can correspond to several English words, such as:

• compensation
• damages
• payout
• settlement
• indemnity in some legal/insurance contexts

So the exact English translation depends on the situation:

• insurance claim
• court-awarded damages
• compensation for loss or injury

In this sentence, it most likely refers to some kind of compensation payment.

Yes, it is natural.

A native speaker could absolutely say:

• Odszkodowanie przyjdzie jutro.

Depending on context, they might also say:

• Pieniądze z odszkodowania przyjdą jutro.
  = The compensation money will come tomorrow.

• Odszkodowanie będzie jutro.
  more colloquial in some contexts, but less precise

• Przelew z odszkodowaniem przyjdzie jutro.
  if talking specifically about a bank transfer

But your original sentence is perfectly normal and idiomatic.

Yes, przyjdzie is one of those Polish words that looks harder than it sounds.

A rough guide:

• przyj- sounds approximately like pshiy / pshihy to English ears, though not exactly
• -dzie sounds like jeh with a soft d/j sound together

A very rough English-style approximation might be:

• PSHIY-jye

But that is only approximate.

A few helpful pronunciation notes:

• rz in przy is pronounced like the Polish sound written ż
• y is not the English ee sound
• dzie is a soft consonant cluster, not a simple dee-eh

Also, Polish stress is usually on the second-to-last syllable:

• od-szko-do-WA-nie
• PRZYJ-dzie

Because Polish has no articles.

English distinguishes:

• a compensation
• the compensation

Polish usually leaves that distinction to context.

So odszkodowanie can mean:

• compensation
• the compensation
• sometimes even a compensation payment, depending on context

Here, the listener is expected to understand from the situation which compensation is meant.