Hun kjøper honning til teen og paprika til salaten.

Because honning and paprika are being used as indefinite nouns here, and Norwegian often does not use an article in cases like this, especially with:

• mass nouns like honning (honey)
• food items/materials when you mean some of something

So hun kjøper honning means she buys honey or some honey, not necessarily a honey.

With paprika, Norwegian also often leaves out the article when talking about a food ingredient in a general way. So paprika til salaten means bell pepper for the salad.

English often does something similar:

• She buys honey
• She buys pepper for the salad

They are definite because Norwegian adds the definite article to the end of the noun.

• te = tea

• teen = the tea

• salat = salad
• salaten = the salad

So instead of putting a separate word like the before the noun, Norwegian usually attaches it as a suffix.

In this sentence, teen and salaten refer to specific things:

• the tea
• the salad

That is why the definite forms are used.

Here, til means for.

So:

• honning til teen = honey for the tea
• paprika til salaten = bell pepper for the salad

The basic meaning of til is often to, for, or toward, depending on context.

In this sentence, it shows purpose or destination:

• the honey is intended for the tea
• the paprika is intended for the salad

No. In Norwegian, verbs do not change according to the subject in the present tense.

So you get:

• jeg kjøper = I buy
• du kjøper = you buy
• hun kjøper = she buys
• vi kjøper = we buy

The form kjøper stays the same.

This is much simpler than English, where you have:

• I buy
• she buys

The infinitive is å kjøpe, meaning to buy.

So:

• å kjøpe = to buy
• kjøper = buys / is buying

The ending -er is a very common present-tense ending in Norwegian.

This is the normal word order for a simple statement in Norwegian:

subject + verb + rest of sentence

So:

• Hun = subject
• kjøper = verb
• honning til teen og paprika til salaten = the rest

This is very similar to normal English word order:

• She buys honey for the tea and pepper for the salad.

Norwegian does have a special verb-second rule, but in a basic sentence like this, that rule still gives the familiar pattern subject + verb.

Here it most likely means bell pepper / sweet pepper, not the powdered spice.

That is because of the context:

• paprika til salaten strongly suggests a vegetable ingredient for a salad

In Norwegian, paprika often means the vegetable. If you mean the spice, context usually makes that clear.

Grammatically, it is singular in form, but in meaning it can be a bit flexible.

In food contexts, Norwegian often uses a singular noun for an ingredient in a general sense:

• Hun kjøper paprika til salaten = She buys bell pepper for the salad

This does not always focus on the exact number. It can simply mean that paprika/bell pepper is one of the ingredients.

Because te means tea in a general or indefinite sense, while teen means the tea.

Compare:

• Hun liker te. = She likes tea.
• Hun har honning til teen. = She has honey for the tea.

In your sentence, it is not tea in general. It is a specific tea, so the definite form teen is used.

Because Norwegian, like English, can leave out a repeated verb when the structure is parallel and the meaning is clear.

So:

• Hun kjøper honning til teen og paprika til salaten

means:

• She buys honey for the tea and paprika for the salad

You could think of it as short for:

• Hun kjøper honning til teen og kjøper paprika til salaten

But repeating kjøper would sound unnecessary.

The most useful ones here are:

• te — usually masculine: en te, teen
• salat — usually masculine: en salat, salaten
• honning — usually masculine: en honning, honningen, though it is often used without an article as a mass noun
• paprika — often feminine or masculine depending on usage and dialect, but in practice you will often meet it without an article in food contexts

For this sentence, the important thing is mainly recognizing the definite forms:

• teen
• salaten

Then the nouns would change to plural definite forms.

For example:

• teene = the teas
• salatene = the salads

So Norwegian marks:

• singular indefinite: te
• singular definite: teen
• plural indefinite: teer
• plural definite: teene

And:

• singular indefinite: salat
• singular definite: salaten
• plural indefinite: salater
• plural definite: salatene

In your sentence, though, both are singular definite:

• teen
• salaten