Urglasset beskytter sekundviseren.

Because Norwegian usually puts the definite article on the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like the.

• urglass = watch glass / watch crystal

• urglasset = the watch glass

• sekundviser = second hand
• sekundviseren = the second hand

So the sentence already includes the in both nouns.

They belong to different grammatical genders.

• et urglass → neuter noun
  Definite singular: urglasset
• en sekundviser → common-gender noun
  Definite singular: sekundviseren

This is very normal in Norwegian:

• et hus → huset
• en bil → bilen

Urglasset is a compound noun:

• ur = watch / clock
• glass = glass

Together, urglass means the glass covering of a watch face, often called the watch glass or watch crystal in English.

So urglasset means the watch glass.

It is also a compound noun:

• sekund = second
• viser = hand / pointer / indicator

So sekundviser means second hand, as on a clock or watch.

With the definite ending:

• sekundviseren = the second hand

Beskytter is the present tense of å beskytte, which means to protect.

So:

• å beskytte = to protect
• beskytter = protects / is protecting

In this sentence, it means protects.

Because in Norwegian, definiteness is usually built into the noun itself.

English:

• the watch glass protects the second hand

Norwegian:

• Urglasset beskytter sekundviseren

Here, -et and -en do the job that the does in English.

Yes. This sentence follows a very straightforward pattern:

• Urglasset = subject
• beskytter = verb
• sekundviseren = object

So it is:

Subject + Verb + Object

Just like English: The watch glass protects the second hand.

In this sentence, word order tells you.

• Urglasset comes before the verb, so it is the subject: the thing doing the action.
• sekundviseren comes after the verb, so it is the object: the thing receiving the action.

So the meaning is:

• the watch glass protects
• the second hand

Norwegian does not mark this with case endings the way some languages do; word order is very important.

Not exactly, though they overlap.

• klokke often means clock or watch in everyday speech
• ur is also clock/watch, but can sound a bit more formal, technical, or old-fashioned in some contexts

In compounds, ur- is very common:

• urmaker = watchmaker
• urskive = watch/clock face
• urglass = watch glass

So urglasset sounds perfectly natural in a technical or descriptive context.

Yes. Norwegian present tense often covers both ideas, depending on context.

• han beskytter barnet = he protects the child
• It could also mean he is protecting the child, if the situation makes that clear

So Urglasset beskytter sekundviseren can be understood as The watch glass protects the second hand.

It would be:

Et urglass beskytter en sekundviser.

That means: A watch glass protects a second hand.

Compare:

• et urglass = a watch glass

• urglasset = the watch glass

• en sekundviser = a second hand
• sekundviseren = the second hand

A rough guide is:

seh-KOOND-vee-ser-en

But a few notes help:

• sekund has stress on the second syllable
• v in viser is a normal v
• the final -en is the definite ending

A more native pronunciation will depend on dialect, but this rough pattern is a good start.

A rough guide is:

OOR-glahs-set

Notes:

• ur sounds roughly like oor
• glass is like glahs, not English glass
• -et is the neuter definite ending

Because it is a compound, it is spoken as one word: ur-glass-et.

Because Norwegian normally writes compound nouns as a single word.

So:

• ur + glass → urglass
• sekund + viser → sekundviser

This is very important in Norwegian. Where English often uses two words, Norwegian often uses one compound word instead.

Grammatically yes, but the meaning becomes less specific.

• glasset = the glass
• urglasset = the watch glass / watch crystal

If you say glasset, it just means the glass, and the special watch-related meaning is lost unless the context is very clear. So urglasset is the better word here.