Kona hans arbeider på sykehuset.

Because kona is the definite form of kone.

• en kone = a wife
• kona = the wife

In Norwegian, family words often appear in the definite form when followed by a possessive:

• kona hans = his wife
• mora mi = my mother
• faren din = your father

So kona hans is a very natural way to say his wife.

Norwegian often places the possessive after the noun, especially in everyday language.

• kona hans = his wife
• boka mi = my book
• huset deres = their house

You can also put the possessive before the noun:

• hans kone

Both are possible, but they do not feel exactly the same.

A simple way to think about it:

• kona hans sounds very natural and common in everyday Norwegian
• hans kone can sound a bit more formal, contrastive, or emphasized

So in this sentence, kona hans is the most ordinary phrasing.

Arbeider is the present tense of the verb å arbeide.

• å arbeide = to work
• arbeider = work / works / am working / is working / are working, depending on context

Norwegian present tense does not change according to the subject:

• jeg arbeider = I work
• du arbeider = you work
• han arbeider = he works
• vi arbeider = we work

So Kona hans arbeider literally means His wife works.

They are very close in meaning, and in many situations either one works.

• arbeider = works
• jobber = works

But there is a slight difference in tone:

• jobber is very common in everyday spoken Norwegian
• arbeider can sound a bit more formal or written

So:

• Kona hans arbeider på sykehuset
• Kona hans jobber på sykehuset

Both are correct. The second is often more common in casual speech.

Because på is often used with workplaces and institutions when you mean at a place in a general sense.

• på sykehuset = at the hospital
• på skolen = at school
• på jobben = at work

If you say i sykehuset, it focuses more on being inside the building physically.

So the difference is roughly:

• Hun arbeider på sykehuset = She works at the hospital
• Hun er i sykehuset = She is in the hospital

In your sentence, the meaning is about where she works, so på sykehuset is the natural choice.

Sykehuset is the definite form of sykehus.

• et sykehus = a hospital
• sykehuset = the hospital

In Norwegian, when talking about someone's workplace in a general but known way, the definite form is very common:

• på sykehuset = at the hospital
• på kontoret = at the office
• på skolen = at the school / at school

If you say på et sykehus, it means at a hospital, with a less specific feeling.

So:

• Kona hans arbeider på sykehuset = His wife works at the hospital
• Kona hans arbeider på et sykehus = His wife works at a hospital

Sykehus is a neuter noun.

Its indefinite article is:

• et sykehus = a hospital

That is why the definite form ends in -et:

• et sykehus → sykehuset

This is a common pattern for neuter nouns:

• et hus → huset
• et eple → eplet
• et sykehus → sykehuset

This is the normal Norwegian word order for a simple statement:

subject + verb + place

• Kona hans = subject
• arbeider = verb
• på sykehuset = place expression

So the sentence structure is:

• Kona hans arbeider på sykehuset.

This is very similar to English:

• His wife works at the hospital.

If you move another element to the front, Norwegian usually keeps the verb in second position:

• På sykehuset arbeider kona hans.

That sounds more marked or stylistic, but it shows an important rule: Norwegian is a V2 language, so the verb usually comes second in main clauses.

Yes, absolutely.

Both are correct:

• Kona hans arbeider på sykehuset
• Hans kone arbeider på sykehuset

The difference is mostly about style and emphasis.

• kona hans is very common and natural in everyday Norwegian
• hans kone may feel a little more formal or slightly more focused on his

So if you are learning everyday Norwegian, kona hans is a very useful pattern to know.

Because Norwegian usually puts definiteness at the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like English the.

Compare:

• English: the hospital
• Norwegian: sykehus + et → sykehuset

So Norwegian often expresses the as a suffix:

• bilen = the car
• huset = the house
• kona = the wife
• sykehuset = the hospital

That is why you do not need a separate word for the here.

In this kind of sentence, yes, kona means the wife.

The basic noun is:

• en kone = a wife

In context, kona hans is clearly his wife.

Be aware that family and relationship words can sometimes be used very naturally in Norwegian in ways that may feel slightly different from English, but in this sentence the meaning is straightforward: his wife.

A common past-tense version would be:

• Kona hans arbeidet på sykehuset. = His wife worked at the hospital.

Here:

• arbeider = present tense
• arbeidet = past tense

You might also hear or use jobbet if you choose jobber instead:

• Kona hans jobbet på sykehuset.

Both are correct, depending on the verb you choose.

This sentence is Bokmål.

A Nynorsk version would more likely be:

• Kona hans arbeider på sjukehuset.

The biggest visible difference here is:

• sykehuset in Bokmål
• sjukehuset in Nynorsk

Everything else in the sentence can look very similar.