Baneparet har to bowlingbaner.

It is a compound noun:

• bane = lane / track / court, depending on context
• par = pair
• -et = the definite ending

So baneparet is one single noun meaning the lane pair.

A very important Norwegian rule is that compounds are usually written as one word, not as separate words.

Because the last part of the compound, par, is a neuter noun: et par.

In Norwegian compounds, the last element decides the gender and how the word is inflected. So:

• et par → paret
• et banepar → baneparet

Even though bane itself is not neuter, the whole compound follows par, because par is the head of the noun.

Because Norwegian usually puts definiteness at the end of the noun instead of using a separate article in front.

So:

• et banepar = a lane pair
• baneparet = the lane pair

You do sometimes get an extra determiner in phrases like:

• dette baneparet = this lane pair
• det store baneparet = the big lane pair

But in a simple noun phrase by itself, baneparet already includes the.

Har is the present tense of å ha = to have.

So baneparet har ... means the lane pair has ...

That is natural Norwegian when you want to say that something contains or possesses something. In this sentence, the lane pair has / contains two bowling lanes.

Also, in the present tense, har stays the same for all subjects:

• jeg har
• du har
• han/hun har
• vi har

Because to is simply the Norwegian word for two, and it does not change form here.

Unlike some adjectives and articles, numbers like to normally stay the same regardless of gender in ordinary use:

• to baner
• to hus
• to biler

So to bowlingbaner is exactly what you would expect after a number.

Because the sentence refers to two bowling lanes, so the noun must be plural.

The forms are:

• en bowlingbane = a bowling lane
• bowlingbanen = the bowling lane
• bowlingbaner = bowling lanes
• bowlingbanene = the bowling lanes

After a number like to, Norwegian normally uses the indefinite plural, so:

• to bowlingbaner

not:

• to bowlingbane

Because after a plain number, Norwegian usually uses the indefinite plural:

• to bowlingbaner = two bowling lanes

If you say de to bowlingbanene, that means the two bowling lanes and is more specific. It points to particular lanes already known in the context.

So:

• baneparet har to bowlingbaner = the lane pair has two bowling lanes
• baneparet har de to bowlingbanene = the lane pair has the two bowling lanes

The second version is much more marked and would only fit a specific context.

Because Norwegian normally writes compound nouns as one word.

So:

• bowling
  • bane → bowlingbane
• plural: bowlingbaner

This is very common in Norwegian. English often uses separate words where Norwegian prefers a single compound word.

No, this is the normal word order for a basic statement:

• Baneparet = subject
• har = verb
• to bowlingbaner = object

So the pattern is:

subject + verb + object

That is the standard order in ordinary main clauses.

If another element comes first, Norwegian still keeps the verb in second position:

• I hallen har baneparet to bowlingbaner.

So the original sentence is very straightforward in structure.

Yes. That would also be correct and natural.

The difference is roughly this:

• har = has / contains
• består av = consists of

So:

• Baneparet har to bowlingbaner sounds simple and direct.
• Baneparet består av to bowlingbaner sounds a bit more explicit about what it is made up of.

Both work; har is just the shorter, more everyday phrasing.