Blomsterpotten står i potteskjuleren.

Because Norwegian makes heavy use of compound nouns.

• blomsterpotten = blomster
  • potte
    • -en
• potteskjuleren = potte
  • skjuler
    • -en

This is very normal in Norwegian. Where English often uses separate words like flower pot, Norwegian often combines them into one word.

A useful rule:

• the last part is the main noun
• the earlier part(s) describe it

So:

• blomsterpotte = a pot for flowers
• potteskjuler = something that hides/covers a pot

The ending -en is the definite singular ending, equivalent to the in English.

So:

• en blomsterpotte = a flower pot
• blomsterpotten = the flower pot

And:

• en potteskjuler = a pot cover / cachepot
• potteskjuleren = the pot cover / cachepot

Unlike English, Norwegian usually attaches the to the end of the noun instead of putting it in front.

Norwegian often uses positional verbs where English would simply use is.

Here, står literally means stands. It is used because a flower pot is thought of as being in an upright standing position.

Common location verbs in Norwegian:

• stå = stand upright
• ligge = lie
• sitte = sit / be attached / be seated
• være = be

So Norwegian prefers:

• Blomsterpotten står i potteskjuleren.

rather than a more general:

• Blomsterpotten er i potteskjuleren.

The version with er is not impossible in every context, but står is the natural choice here.

A potteskjuler is not the same thing as the actual flower pot.

• blomsterpotte = the inner pot the plant is in
• potteskjuler = the outer decorative container that hides the pot

In English, this can be called a:

• pot cover
• outer pot
• cachepot

So the sentence describes the flower pot as being placed inside that outer decorative holder.

i means in or inside.

It is used because the flower pot is located inside the pot cover.

Compare:

• i = in / inside
• på = on / on top of

So:

• Blomsterpotten står i potteskjuleren. = the flower pot is inside the pot cover
• Blomsterpotten står på bordet. = the flower pot is on the table

The sentence has standard Norwegian main-clause word order:

• Blomsterpotten = subject
• står = verb
• i potteskjuleren = prepositional phrase showing location

So the pattern is:

Subject + verb + place

This is very normal in Norwegian.

Also remember the V2 rule: in main clauses, the finite verb usually comes in the second position. For example, if you move the location phrase to the front, the verb still stays second:

• I potteskjuleren står blomsterpotten.

That word order is also correct.

The base noun potte is often treated as a feminine noun, but in Bokmål many feminine nouns can also take masculine/common-gender forms.

So in Bokmål you may see both:

• en blomsterpotte – blomsterpotten
• ei blomsterpotte – blomsterpotta

Both can be correct, depending on style and dialect.

By contrast, potteskjuler is normally:

• en potteskjuler – potteskjuleren

So the sentence you were given uses a perfectly normal Bokmål form.

Yes. That is also possible in Bokmål if you use the feminine form of potte.

So these both work:

• Blomsterpotten står i potteskjuleren.
• Blomsterpotta står i potteskjuleren.

The difference is mainly grammatical style, not meaning.

Very roughly:

• -en often looks a bit more neutral or standard Bokmål
• -a often reflects feminine forms more clearly and may sound more natural in some dialects

It would be:

• En blomsterpotte står i en potteskjuler.

That means a flower pot is standing in a pot cover.

This is useful because it shows the difference between indefinite and definite forms:

• en blomsterpotte → blomsterpotten
• en potteskjuler → potteskjuleren

So the original sentence is definite-definite:

• the flower pot
• the pot cover

Yes.

• å skjule = to hide
• en skjuler = something/someone that hides

So potteskjuler literally means something like pot-hider or pot-concealer.

That makes the word easier to remember:

• potte = pot
• skjule = hide
• potteskjuler = a thing that hides the pot

This kind of word-building is very common in Norwegian.