Etter sorteringen går tekstilavfallet til returpunktet.

Because Norwegian main clauses normally follow the V2 rule: the finite verb comes in the second position.

Here, Etter sorteringen is placed first, so the verb går has to come next. The subject tekstilavfallet comes after the verb.

Compare:

• Tekstilavfallet går til returpunktet etter sorteringen.
• Etter sorteringen går tekstilavfallet til returpunktet.

Both are grammatical, but when the time phrase is moved to the front, the verb must stay second.

Yes. That is also correct.

The difference is mainly focus:

• Tekstilavfallet går til returpunktet etter sorteringen
  starts with the subject, so it feels more neutral.
• Etter sorteringen går tekstilavfallet til returpunktet
  puts more focus on when this happens.

This kind of fronting is very common in Norwegian.

In Norwegian, gå is often used more broadly than English to walk. It can also mean something like:

• go
• be sent
• be directed
• move along in a process

So in this sentence, går describes where the textile waste goes in the system. It does not mean the waste is walking.

This is a very natural choice in Norwegian, especially when talking about flows, routines, logistics, or processes.

Those endings mark the definite form, which often corresponds to English the.

In this sentence:

• sorteringen = the sorting
• tekstilavfallet = the textile waste
• returpunktet = the return point / collection point

The ending depends partly on the noun’s gender:

• en sortering → sorteringen
• et avfall → avfallet
• et punkt → punktet

Since tekstilavfall and returpunkt are compounds, they take the gender of the last part:

• avfall is neuter → tekstilavfallet
• punkt is neuter → returpunktet

Because Norwegian usually puts definiteness at the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like English the.

So:

• the sorting → sorteringen
• the textile waste → tekstilavfallet
• the return point → returpunktet

That means you normally do not say a separate article before these nouns in a sentence like this.

Because Norwegian forms compound nouns by writing them as one word.

So:

• tekstil + avfall → tekstilavfall
• retur + punkt → returpunkt

Then the definite ending is added to the whole compound:

• tekstilavfall → tekstilavfallet
• returpunkt → returpunktet

This is very important in Norwegian. Where English often writes noun combinations as two words, Norwegian very often writes them as one.

It is a noun.

It comes from the verb sortere meaning to sort, but sortering means sorting as a thing or process.

So:

• sortere = to sort
• sortering = sorting
• sorteringen = the sorting

After the preposition etter, Norwegian uses the noun phrase etter sorteringen, meaning after the sorting.

Because til is the normal preposition for movement toward a destination.

Here, the waste is going to the return point, so til is the natural choice:

• går til returpunktet = goes to the return point

If you used på, that would usually describe being at a place rather than moving to it.

So:

• til returpunktet = to the return point
• på returpunktet = at the return point

In this sentence, the idea is destination, so til is correct.