Sjåføren er uskadd.

Because -en makes the noun definite singular.

• sjåfør = driver
• sjåføren = the driver

Norwegian usually puts definiteness on the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like the.

Yes. The definite form sjåføren normally means a particular driver that the speaker and listener can identify from the context.

For example, in a news report about an accident, sjåføren would mean the driver involved.

Er is the present tense of to be.

So grammatically, the sentence is:

• Sjåføren = subject
• er = verb
• uskadd = subject complement / predicate adjective

In other words, er works like English is.

This is the normal word order for a simple statement in Norwegian:

subject + verb + complement

So:

• Sjåføren = subject
• er = verb
• uskadd = complement

If you turned it into a yes/no question, Norwegian would switch the first two parts:

• Er sjåføren uskadd? = Is the driver unharmed?

Because uskadd is a predicate adjective here, and it agrees with a singular noun.

With sjåføren (singular), the form is uskadd.

Compare:

• Sjåføren er uskadd. = singular
• Sjåførene er uskadde. = plural

If the adjective comes before the noun, you also see agreement:

• en uskadd sjåfør
• uskadde sjåfører

So uskadd is the correct singular form here.

The prefix u- often means un- or not.

So:

• skadd = injured / damaged
• uskadd = uninjured / undamaged

That makes uskadd a very useful word to learn, because you can often recognize the negative meaning from the prefix.

No. It can be used for both people and things.

For people, it means uninjured.
For objects, it usually means undamaged.

Examples:

• Passasjeren er uskadd. = The passenger is uninjured.
• Bilen er uskadd. = The car is undamaged.

It works in both Bokmål and Nynorsk.

That is useful to know, because some words differ between the two written standards, but this sentence is fine in either one:

• Sjåføren is accepted in both
• er is the same in both
• uskadd is the same in both

A rough English-style guide would be:

shaw-FØR-en

A few helpful notes:

• sj sounds like English sh
• å sounds somewhat like the vowel in more for many learners
• ø has no exact English equivalent; it is a rounded front vowel, a bit like the vowel in bird but with rounded lips
• the stress is mainly on før

So the trickiest part for English speakers is usually ø.

A rough guide is:

oo-SKAD

Notes:

• u here is not like English uh; it is a tighter vowel
• the stress falls on skadd
• the final dd is pronounced as a d sound, not like two separate consonants

So the first syllable is weak, and the second syllable carries the stress.