Kucing ini ada kutu.

In Malay, demonstratives like ini (this) and itu (that) usually come after the noun.

So:

• kucing ini = this cat
• rumah itu = that house

This is a very common word order pattern in Malay.
So even though English says this cat, Malay says cat this.

Here, ada means something like has or there is/are depending on context.

In Kucing ini ada kutu, it means:

• This cat has fleas
• literally, something like This cat exists with fleas / there are fleas on this cat

Malay often uses ada in a broader way than English uses have.

For example:

• Saya ada kereta. = I have a car.
• Di rumah ada orang. = There is someone at home.

So in this sentence, ada is the word that tells you the cat possesses or is affected by fleas.

Because Malay does not always divide meanings in the same way English does.

English uses different structures:

• The cat has fleas
• There are fleas on the cat

Malay often uses ada for both kinds of ideas.
So instead of looking for a perfect one-word match to English has, it is better to learn how ada behaves in real Malay sentences.

It can mean either flea or fleas, depending on context.

Malay nouns usually do not change form for singular vs. plural the way English nouns do.
So:

• kutu = flea or fleas

In this sentence, the natural English translation is usually fleas, because that makes more sense in context.

If Malay speakers want to make plurality very explicit, they can sometimes use reduplication:

• kutu-kutu = fleas

But in many everyday sentences, the simple noun kutu is enough.

Malay does not use articles the way English does.

So Malay nouns often appear without anything equivalent to a/an/the:

• kucing = cat / a cat / the cat
• kutu = flea / fleas / the fleas, depending on context

The context tells you which English article makes sense.

In Kucing ini ada kutu, the word ini already makes the cat definite, so kucing ini clearly means this cat.

Yes, that is a very natural way to understand it.

Malay and English do not always package possession and existence in the same way.
So this sentence can be understood as:

• This cat has fleas
• There are fleas on this cat

Both capture the idea well.

Not for the same meaning in standard Malay.

If you want to say this cat, the normal structure is:

• kucing ini

not

• ini kucing

Ini kucing can appear in other contexts, but it usually works differently, more like this is a cat or as part of a different sentence structure.

So for the noun phrase this cat, use kucing ini.

Yes.

kucing ini is a complete noun phrase meaning this cat.

Breakdown:

• kucing = cat
• ini = this

Together:

• kucing ini = this cat

Then the rest of the sentence tells you something about that cat:

• ada kutu = has fleas

Not always.

Malay often leaves out a verb equivalent to English to be in simple statements.

For example:

• Kucing ini comel. = This cat is cute.
• literally: This cat cute

But in Kucing ini ada kutu, there is already a verb-like element, ada, so the sentence does not need anything like is.

A common way is:

• Kucing ini tidak ada kutu. = This cat does not have fleas.

Here:

• tidak = not
• tidak ada = does not have / there is not

In everyday speech, you may also hear:

• Kucing ini tak ada kutu.

where tak is a shorter, more informal form of tidak.

A natural yes/no question is:

• Kucing ini ada kutu? = Does this cat have fleas?

In speech, intonation often shows that it is a question.

You can also make it more explicit:

• Adakah kucing ini ada kutu?

But in everyday conversation, simply using rising intonation is very common.

No, not by changing the verb.

ada stays the same. Malay usually does not mark tense the way English does.
Time is often understood from context or added with time words.

So Kucing ini ada kutu can mean something like:

• This cat has fleas
• This cat has got fleas

If you want to be more specific, you add other words:

• Kucing ini dulu ada kutu. = This cat used to have fleas.
• Kucing ini akan ada kutu. = This cat will have fleas.
  though this exact sentence is less likely in real life

A simple approximate pronunciation for an English speaker is:

• koo-ching ee-nee ah-duh koo-too

A few notes:

• kucing sounds roughly like koo-ching
• ini = ee-nee
• ada = ah-dah
• kutu = koo-too

Malay pronunciation is generally quite regular, so words are often pronounced close to how they are spelled.

Yes, it is natural and straightforward.

It is a simple everyday sentence built from very common Malay words:

• kucing = cat
• ini = this
• ada = has / there is
• kutu = fleas

It sounds like the kind of thing someone might say when noticing a cat needs treatment.