Malam tadi, bekalan elektrik terputus dua kali, jadi saya tidak dapat mengecas telefon sampai penuh.

Malam tadi means last night.

• malam = night
• tadi = earlier / a little while ago, and in time expressions it often helps point to something recent in the past

So malam tadi is a very natural way to say last night.

Semalam usually means yesterday. If you want to be specific about the nighttime, malam tadi is clearer and more natural here.

Malay does not usually mark tense on the verb the way English does.

Instead, time is often shown by context or time expressions. In this sentence, the past meaning comes from malam tadi.

So:

• terputus does not mean past by itself
• tidak dapat mengecas does not mean past by itself either
• the whole sentence is understood as past because of malam tadi

This is very common in Malay.

Bekalan elektrik means electricity supply or power supply.

• bekalan = supply
• elektrik = electric / electricity

So this phrase is a bit more specific than just electricity. It refers to the supply of electricity coming into a place. In this sentence, it fits the idea of the power going out.

If you only said elektrik, people would still understand in many situations, but bekalan elektrik sounds more complete and natural here.

Terputus here means got cut off, was interrupted, or went off.

Base idea:

• putus = break, be disconnected, be cut off
• terputus often suggests something happened unintentionally or as a state that occurred

In this sentence, bekalan elektrik terputus means the electricity supply was cut off / went out.

The prefix ter- can have a few functions in Malay, but here it gives the sense of something that happened rather than something someone deliberately did.

Compare:

• Saya memutuskan wayar itu. = I cut/disconnected that wire.
• Wayar itu terputus. = The wire got disconnected / was disconnected.

Because dua kali means twice, and in Malay expressions of frequency often come after the verb or event.

• dua = two
• kali = times

So:

• terputus dua kali = went out twice

This word order is very natural in Malay.

You could think of it as: the electricity supply was interrupted two times.

Here jadi means so, therefore, or as a result.

It connects the first part of the sentence to the consequence:

• power went out twice
• jadi = so / therefore
• I could not fully charge my phone

In everyday Malay, jadi is a very common connector in both speech and writing.

Tidak dapat usually means was unable to or could not, often because of circumstances.

That fits this sentence well: the speaker could not charge the phone because the electricity supply was interrupted.

• tidak dapat = unable to / could not
• tidak boleh = cannot / may not / not allowed to / not possible

In many situations, both can be understood, but here tidak dapat sounds more precise because the problem is external.

So:

• Saya tidak dapat mengecas telefon = I couldn’t charge the phone
• Saya tidak boleh mengecas telefon could sound more like I’m not allowed to, or it’s not possible in some broader sense

Yes, mengecas is commonly used and understood as to charge, especially for phones and batteries.

It comes from cas / charge, borrowed from English, with the verbal prefix menge- added:

• cas = charge
• mengecas = to charge

This pattern is common with some borrowed words in Malay.

You may also hear:

• cas telefon in casual speech
• mengecas telefon in more complete standard Malay

Both are common, but mengecas telefon is a good form to learn.

Telefon here simply means phone. In context, it is usually understood as my phone because the speaker is the one charging it.

Malay often leaves out possessives when they are obvious from context.

So:

• mengecas telefon = charge the phone / charge my phone

If you wanted to be extra explicit, you could say:

• mengecas telefon saya = charge my phone

Telefon bimbit means mobile phone / cell phone, but in everyday use, telefon is often enough.

Sampai penuh means until full.

• sampai = until / up to / reach
• penuh = full

In this sentence, it means the speaker could not charge the phone to a full charge.

Malay often uses this kind of simple adjective after sampai:

• sampai habis = until finished
• sampai lewat malam = until late at night
• sampai penuh = until full

In natural English, you would usually translate it as fully or until it was fully charged, but Malay expresses it more literally.

Yes, you could, but the tone changes a little.

• sampai penuh = very natural and common in everyday speech
• sehingga penuh = also correct, but a bit more formal or written

For normal conversation, sampai penuh is the more natural choice.

Putting Malam tadi at the beginning sets the time immediately and is very natural in Malay.

Malay is flexible with word order, especially for time expressions. You could also say:

• Bekalan elektrik terputus dua kali malam tadi...

That is also understandable. But starting with Malam tadi makes the sentence flow nicely and gives the listener the time frame first.

This is very common in both speech and writing.

It is helpful, but not always strictly necessary.

The comma shows a pause after the fronted time expression:

• Malam tadi, bekalan elektrik terputus dua kali...

Without the comma, the sentence is still understandable:

• Malam tadi bekalan elektrik terputus dua kali...

Both are fine. The comma just makes the structure a little clearer in writing.

Yes. Terputus is used quite widely for things that become disconnected, interrupted, or broken.

For example:

• Talian internet terputus. = The internet connection was cut off.
• Panggilan kami terputus. = Our call got disconnected.
• Hubungan mereka terputus. = Their relationship was broken off.

So in the sentence you were given, bekalan elektrik terputus fits a very common Malay pattern.

It is very natural and clear. It sounds like normal standard Malay.

A speaker might also say a slightly more casual version, such as:

• Malam tadi elektrik terputus dua kali, jadi saya tak dapat cas telefon sampai penuh.

Differences:

• elektrik instead of bekalan elektrik = more casual
• tak instead of tidak = more spoken
• cas instead of mengecas = more spoken

Your original sentence is perfectly good, and it sounds a bit more complete and standard.