Breakdown of Penjual memberi diskaun, dan pembeli membayar secara tunai.
dan
and
memberi
to give
diskaun
the discount
penjual
the seller
pembeli
the buyer
membayar
to pay
secara tunai
in cash
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Questions & Answers about Penjual memberi diskaun, dan pembeli membayar secara tunai.
What do the words "penjual" and "pembeli" literally mean, and how are they formed?
Both are agent nouns meaning “seller” and “buyer.” They come from verbs with the agentive prefix peN-:
- jual (to sell) → penjual (seller). The prefix surfaces as pen- before j.
- beli (to buy) → pembeli (buyer). The prefix surfaces as pem- before b. This peN- pattern is very productive for “doer-of-X” nouns in Malay.
Why is it "memberi" and not just "beri"? What’s the difference between "memberi" and "memberikan"?
- beri is the base verb “give.”
- memberi is the standard transitive form (more formal/written): “to give.”
- memberikan also means “to give,” focusing on the thing given and commonly followed by a recipient with kepada.
All are correct in many contexts. In your sentence, memberi diskaun is perfectly standard. With a recipient, the safest pattern is: memberi/ memberikan diskaun kepada pelanggan.
What does "secara tunai" mean exactly? Are there shorter or more natural alternatives?
secara tunai = “in cash” (literally, “by way of cash”). Alternatives:
- membayar tunai (very common)
- bayar tunai (colloquial/short)
- membayar dengan wang tunai (with cash; a bit longer) In casual Malaysian speech you’ll also hear bayar cash, but that’s code-mixed.
Why "membayar" instead of just "bayar"?
Both mean “pay.” membayar (with the meN- prefix) is more formal/standard. bayar is common and perfectly natural in speech: pembeli bayar tunai.
What’s the word order here?
Malay is generally SVO:
- Penjual (S) memberi (V) diskaun (O)
- pembeli (S) membayar (V) secara tunai (manner phrase) Manner phrases like secara tunai normally follow the verb (and object, if any).
Do I need “the/a” before “seller” and “buyer” in Malay?
No. Malay doesn’t use articles. penjual and pembeli can mean “a/the seller/buyer” depending on context. To be explicit you can add:
- seorang penjual (a seller; person classifier)
- penjual itu (the seller; that seller)
How do I show past tense in Malay?
Verbs don’t change. Use time words or aspect markers:
- Completed: sudah / telah (e.g., Penjual telah memberi diskaun)
- Time adverbs: tadi (earlier), semalam (yesterday), etc.
Is the comma before "dan" necessary?
It’s optional. Malay often links two independent clauses with dan without a comma, but using a comma to separate longer clauses is acceptable.
Any pronunciation tips for this sentence?
- penjual: pe-nju-al → [pən-dʒu-al] (j = English “j” in “jar”)
- membayar: məm-ba-yar → [məm-bajar] (a as in “father”)
- secara: sə-cha-ra → [sə-tʃa-ra] (c = “ch”)
- tunai: tu-nai → [tu-nai] (ai = “eye”) The letter e in prefixes like pe-, me- is usually a schwa [ə].
Is "diskaun" the same as Indonesian "diskon"?
Yes. Malay standard spelling is diskaun, Indonesian is diskon. Both mean “discount.”
Can I say "membayar secara kad" for “pay by card”?
No. secara works with manner/abstract nouns (e.g., secara tunai, secara atas talian). For card, say:
- membayar dengan kad (kredit/debit)
- membayar menggunakan kad
How do I add the recipient of the discount?
Use kepada to mark the recipient:
- Penjual memberi/ memberikan diskaun kepada pembeli/pelanggan. You can also front the recipient in some contexts: Penjual memberikan pelanggan itu diskaun, but the kepada version is the safest, most neutral.
What’s the difference between "pembeli" and "pelanggan"?
- pembeli = “buyer” (someone who buys, especially in that transaction)
- pelanggan = “customer/client” (broader, often implies an ongoing relationship)
How would I say this in the passive voice?
Several options, depending on focus:
- Thing-focused: Diskaun diberi/diberikan oleh penjual.
- Payment-focused: Bayaran dibuat secara tunai. or Ia dibayar secara tunai (It was paid in cash.) Avoid “Pembeli dibayar…” here; that would mean “The buyer was paid,” which changes the meaning.
Can I replace "dan" with something showing sequence like “and then”?
Yes:
- lalu, kemudian, selepas itu = “and then/after that” Example: Penjual memberi diskaun, kemudian pembeli membayar secara tunai. For simple addition (not sequence), serta = “as well as.”
Are there synonyms for "memberi diskaun"?
Yes:
- menawarkan diskaun (offer a discount)
- memberi potongan harga (give a price reduction)
- menurunkan harga (lower the price) Choose based on nuance: “offer” vs “actually give” vs “reduce price.”
Why "penjual" rather than "peniaga"? Are both acceptable?
Both are acceptable, but:
- penjual emphasizes the act of selling in a transaction (seller).
- peniaga is broader (trader/businessperson).
In a sale context, penjual is the most direct match for “seller.”
Can I move "secara tunai" earlier in the clause?
Generally no. Manner phrases usually follow the verb (and object). Pembeli secara tunai membayar sounds unnatural. If you want to foreground the payment method, use a noun phrase: Pembayaran secara tunai dibuat…
How would I negate this sentence naturally?
- Negate the verb: pembeli tidak membayar secara tunai (the buyer did not pay in cash).
- Negate the manner specifically: pembeli membayar bukan secara tunai (the payment was not in cash; implies it was by some other method).