Learn Hardcore Malay: Saya semak jadual mesyuarat sebelum saya hantar laporan. - I check the meeting schedule before I send the report.

Semak means “to check,” “review,” or “verify.” Malay verbs do not change form for past, present, or future. Instead, the time is understood from context or with time adverbs like sudah (already) or akan (will). Here, semak simply conveys the action without a tense marker.

Why is semak used instead of menyemak?

Both are correct. Menyemak is the full verb with the meN- prefix, common in formal or written Malay. In everyday speech and informal writing, Malay speakers often use the root form (semak, hantar) for simplicity and brevity.

Why is the subject saya repeated before both verbs?

Repeating saya (“I”) in each clause clarifies that the same person performs both actions. You may omit the second saya if the subject remains obvious:
Saya semak jadual mesyuarat sebelum hantar laporan.
Including it is simply a stylistic choice for emphasis or clarity.

What is the function of sebelum here?

Sebelum is a conjunction meaning “before.” It links two actions, indicating that the first action (semak jadual mesyuarat) happens prior to the second (saya hantar laporan). It can be followed by a full clause (with saya) or directly by a verb when the subject is clear.

Why is the order jadual mesyuarat and not mesyuarat jadual?

Malay uses a noun–modifier order where the main noun comes first (jadual = schedule) and the second noun specifies it (mesyuarat = meeting). Swapping them would sound incorrect and change the meaning.

There’s no “the” or “a/an” before jadual or laporan—why?

Malay has no definite or indefinite articles. Nouns stand alone, and specificity is inferred from context. To add emphasis you can use demonstratives like ini (this) or itu (that), but they’re optional.

Can I start with the subordinate clause and say Sebelum saya hantar laporan, saya semak jadual mesyuarat?

Yes. Placing sebelum first is perfectly natural. It reads:
Sebelum saya hantar laporan, saya semak jadual mesyuarat.
The meaning remains identical; only the emphasis and flow change.

How would this sentence look in the passive voice?

In passive voice, the focus shifts to the objects:
Jadual mesyuarat telah saya semak sebelum laporan dihantar.
Here jadual mesyuarat becomes the subject of telah disemak (has been reviewed) and laporan is the subject of dihantar (was sent), with telah marking completed action.