Learn Hardcore Malay: Latihan seterusnya bermula pada pukul lapan pagi. - The next training starts at eight in the morning.

Here, latihan refers to a scheduled ‘training session’ or ‘practice class’. Although latihan can also mean an ‘exercise’ (like a drill or set of practice questions), the fact that it starts at a specific time suggests it’s an organized session rather than a single exercise.

Why is seterusnya placed after latihan? Could we say seterusnya latihan?

In Malay, descriptive words follow the noun they modify. So latihan seterusnya literally means ‘training next’. Putting seterusnya before latihan (i.e., seterusnya latihan) would be ungrammatical in standard Malay.

Is seterusnya the same as selanjutnya? When should you use each?

Both mean ‘next’ or ‘subsequently’. seterusnya is more often used for the ‘next item in a sequence’ (e.g., latihan seterusnya). selanjutnya can also mean ‘furthermore’ or ‘moreover’ when adding extra information. Context usually guides which one you pick.

What’s the difference between bermula, mula, and mulai?

All three convey ‘start’ or ‘begin’.

bermula is an intransitive verb meaning ‘to begin’ or ‘starts’.
mula can be a verb but often needs a direct object (e.g., mula belajar = ‘start studying’).
mulai often functions like ‘from’ in time expressions (e.g., mulai esok = ‘starting tomorrow’).
In this sentence, bermula is the natural choice for ‘begins’.

Why do we use pada before pukul lapan pagi? Can it be omitted?

pada works like the English ‘at’ to mark the time. It’s common in formal announcements. In everyday conversation you can drop pada and still be correct:
Latihan seterusnya bermula pukul lapan pagi.

What does pukul signify here? How is it different from jam?

pukul is used before numerals to mean ‘o’clock’ (e.g., pukul lapan = ‘eight o’clock’). jam literally means ‘hour’ or ‘clock’ but is less commonly used to state time in schedules. Saying jam lapan pagi is understandable, but official notices or formal speech usually prefer pukul.

Why is pagi added after the time? How do Malay speakers indicate AM and PM?

Malay uses words like pagi (morning), petang (afternoon), malam (evening/night), and tengah hari (noon) instead of ‘AM’ or ‘PM’. Thus lapan pagi means 8 AM. The range is approximate and based on the general time of day.

I don’t see a separate word for ‘the training’ or a pronoun like ‘it.’ Is that normal?

Yes. Malay often omits articles and pronouns when the subject is clear. Here latihan seterusnya is itself the subject, so you don’t need an additional ‘it’ or ‘the’. The structure is simply Subject–Verb–Time Phrase.