Gigi sensitif itu menyebabkan sakit gigi.

It follows a basic Subject + Verb + Object pattern:

• gigi sensitif itu = the subject
• menyebabkan = the verb
• sakit gigi = the object

So the sentence structure is very close to English overall, even though some parts inside the noun phrase are ordered differently.

In Malay, adjectives usually come after the noun they describe.

So:

• gigi sensitif = sensitive tooth / sensitive teeth

This is normal Malay word order. English does the opposite, so this is something learners often need to get used to.

Itu usually means that, but in many sentences it also helps mark something as specific or already known.

So gigi sensitif itu can mean:

• that sensitive tooth
• those sensitive teeth
• sometimes something close to the sensitive tooth/teeth, depending on context

Malay does not have articles like a and the, so words like itu often help do some of that work.

Because in Malay, itu usually comes at the end of the whole noun phrase.

So:

• gigi sensitif itu = that sensitive tooth / those sensitive teeth

This is different from:

• gigi itu sensitif = that tooth is sensitive

Those are not the same structure:

• gigi sensitif itu: one noun phrase
• gigi itu sensitif: a full clause meaning that tooth is sensitive

It can mean either one, depending on context.

Malay nouns are often not marked for singular or plural. So gigi can mean:

• tooth
• teeth

If Malay speakers want to make plurality especially clear, they can use context, numbers, or reduplication such as gigi-gigi, but very often they do not need to.

So this sentence could refer to:

• that sensitive tooth causes toothache
• or those sensitive teeth cause toothache

Context decides.

Because menyebabkan is the normal verb form meaning to cause.

Here is the rough idea:

• sebab = cause, reason, because
• menyebabkan = to cause

The verb has the meN- ... -kan pattern, which often forms an active transitive verb.

So in this sentence:

• menyebabkan sakit gigi = causes toothache / causes tooth pain

Using just sebab here would not sound right in standard grammar.

In a verb like menyebabkan, -kan helps form a causative/transitive meaning.

Very roughly, it helps create the sense of:

• to cause something
• to make something happen

So menyebabkan sakit gigi means to cause toothache.

You do not always need to analyze every affix while speaking, but it is useful to recognize that menyebabkan is a built verb, not just a random word.

Because sakit gigi is a fixed and very common expression meaning toothache or tooth pain.

Compare:

• sakit gigi = toothache
• gigi sakit = more literally a tooth that hurts / a painful tooth

So the sentence is not talking about a hurting tooth as a description. It is talking about the condition or result: toothache.

Yes.

Depending on context, sakit gigi can be understood as:

• toothache
• tooth pain

In many cases, toothache is the most natural English translation, but tooth pain is also a valid meaning.

With itu, it usually points to something specific:

• gigi sensitif itu = that sensitive tooth / those sensitive teeth

If you removed itu, the sentence would sound more general:

• Gigi sensitif menyebabkan sakit gigi.
• Sensitive teeth cause toothache.

So itu helps make it less generic and more specific.

Yes, it is grammatical and natural, though menyebabkan sounds a little more formal or standard.

In everyday speech, people might also say something more conversational, depending on what exactly they mean. But as a clear standard Malay sentence, this is perfectly fine.

Because Malay does not use articles the way English does.

English needs words like:

• a
• an
• the

Malay usually does not. Instead, definiteness is understood from:

• context
• word order
• words like ini and itu

So the sentence can still be perfectly clear without an exact equivalent of English articles.