Mahkamah dibuka hari ini.

Because dibuka is a passive form.

• buka = the root verb open
• membuka = to open / opens in an active sentence
• dibuka = is opened / opened in a passive sentence

In Mahkamah dibuka hari ini, the subject is mahkamah (the court), which is the thing being opened, not the doer.

Compare:

• Mereka membuka mahkamah hari ini. = They open/opened the court today.
• Mahkamah dibuka hari ini. = The court is opened / open today.

So dibuka is used because the sentence focuses on the court, not on who opens it.

It can cover more than one English translation, depending on context.

Malay does not mark tense the way English does, so dibuka by itself does not force one exact time meaning. In this sentence, hari ini (today) gives the time reference.

So Mahkamah dibuka hari ini could be understood as:

• The court is opened today
• The court opens today
• The court is open today

In natural English, The court is open today is often the smoothest translation if the meaning is about availability or operating status.

Because Malay often does not need a verb like to be in places where English does.

English says:

• The court is open today

Malay can simply say:

• Mahkamah dibuka hari ini

This is very normal. Malay frequently leaves out is/am/are/was/were unless there is a special reason to use another structure.

Malay usually shows time through time words and context, not by changing the verb form.

Here, the time is shown by hari ini = today.

So:

• Mahkamah dibuka hari ini = today
• Mahkamah dibuka semalam = yesterday
• Mahkamah dibuka esok = tomorrow

The verb dibuka stays the same. This is a very important feature of Malay grammar.

Yes, it can go somewhere else.

Putting hari ini at the end is very natural:

• Mahkamah dibuka hari ini.

But you can also put the time expression earlier:

• Hari ini, mahkamah dibuka.

Both are grammatical. The end position is common and neutral. Putting hari ini first can give it slightly more emphasis, like As for today...

Malay does not have articles like English a/an/the.

So mahkamah can mean:

• a court
• the court

The exact meaning comes from context.

In this sentence, English usually uses the court, but Malay does not need a separate word for the.

By itself, mahkamah is not specially marked for plural.

So depending on context, it can mean:

• court (singular)
• courts (plural)

However, in this sentence, it will normally be understood as singular unless the wider context suggests otherwise.

If Malay speakers want to make the plural very clear, they can use repetition:

• mahkamah-mahkamah = courts

But that is not necessary here.

No. They look similar, but they are different things.

• di- in dibuka is a prefix that forms the passive verb
• di as a separate word is a preposition meaning at, in, on

So:

• dibuka = one word, because di- is attached to the verb
• di mahkamah = two words, because di is a preposition

This is a very common point for learners.

Examples:

• Mahkamah dibuka hari ini. = The court is opened/open today.
• Saya di mahkamah hari ini. = I am at the court today.

Yes, you may hear that, especially in informal speech, but it is less formal.

• Mahkamah dibuka hari ini sounds more standard and complete.
• Mahkamah buka hari ini can sound more conversational, like a simple notice saying The court is open today.

Malay often drops affixes in casual speech, especially in everyday conversation. But for careful, standard Malay, dibuka is the safer form here.

Yes. In a passive sentence, you can add the agent with oleh (by).

For example:

• Mahkamah dibuka oleh kerajaan hari ini.
• The court is opened by the government today.

But often Malay leaves the doer unstated if it is obvious, unknown, or unimportant. That is why Mahkamah dibuka hari ini sounds perfectly natural on its own.

A simple approximate pronunciation is:

• Mahkamah ≈ mahk-kah-mah
• dibuka ≈ dee-boo-kah
• hari ini ≈ hah-ree ee-nee

A few useful notes:

• h is clearly pronounced
• r is usually tapped or lightly rolled
• vowels are usually pronounced clearly and consistently

So the whole sentence is roughly:

mahk-kah-mah dee-boo-kah hah-ree ee-nee

The basic order is:

Subject + Verb + Time expression

So here:

• Mahkamah = subject
• dibuka = verb
• hari ini = time expression

This is a very common Malay sentence pattern. English speakers can often think of it as:

The court + is open/opened + today