Hujan menghalang kami daripada keluar.

Halang is the root word. The prefix meN- turns it into an active verb, so menghalang is the normal form for to prevent or to obstruct in a sentence like this.

A useful breakdown is:

• halang = root
• menghalang = active verb
• dihalang = passive verb

Because the root begins with h, the meN- prefix appears as meng-, giving menghalang.

Here, daripada introduces the action that is being prevented.

The pattern is:

• menghalang + someone + daripada + verb

So:

• menghalang kami daripada keluar

means prevent us from going out.

This is very similar to English prevent someone from doing something. In standard Malay, daripada is the normal choice in this pattern.

Usually, no, not in this meaning.

Malay commonly uses menghalang seseorang daripada melakukan sesuatu when you want to say that someone is prevented from doing an action.

So menghalang kami daripada keluar is the normal structure.

If you remove daripada, the sentence becomes less natural in standard Malay, and it may sound more like physically blocking someone rather than preventing them from doing something in a broader sense.

Keluar is already a complete verb meaning go out, leave, or exit. It does not need ber-, and berkeluar is not standard here.

Also, after daripada, Malay normally uses the plain verb form. English uses from going out, with going as a gerund, but Malay does not need a special verb form for that.

So:

• daripada keluar = from going out

Even though English changes the verb form, Malay does not.

Malay makes an important distinction between two kinds of we/us:

• kami = we/us, excluding the listener
• kita = we/us, including the listener

So kami tells you that the speaker and some other people were prevented from going out, but the person being spoken to is not included.

If the listener were included, the sentence would be:

• Hujan menghalang kita daripada keluar.

Yes. Malay pronouns usually do not change form the way English pronouns do.

In English, you have:

• we as subject
• us as object

But in Malay, kami can function as both, depending on position in the sentence.

For example:

• Kami pergi. = We went.
• Dia nampak kami. = He saw us.

So in Hujan menghalang kami daripada keluar, kami is the object of menghalang.

Here, hujan functions as a noun-like subject, meaning rain.

It is the thing causing the prevention:

• Hujan = subject
• menghalang = verb

Malay often allows weather words like this to act directly as the subject of a sentence, much like English can say The rain prevented us...

Malay usually does not use articles like a or the.

So a bare noun such as hujan can mean:

• rain
• the rain

The exact interpretation depends on context. English often has to choose an article, but Malay usually does not.

Not by itself. Malay often leaves tense unmarked unless there is a reason to make it explicit.

So this sentence could mean different things depending on context, such as:

• The rain prevented us from going out
• The rain is preventing us from going out
• The rain will prevent us from going out

If needed, Malay can add time markers such as:

• sudah or telah = already, completed
• sedang = in progress
• akan = future

For example:

• Hujan telah menghalang kami daripada keluar.
• Hujan sedang menghalang kami daripada keluar.

The structure is:

• Hujan = subject
• menghalang = verb
• kami = object
• daripada keluar = prepositional phrase explaining what action is being prevented

So the overall pattern is:

• Subject + Verb + Object + Complement

That is one reason this sentence feels fairly approachable for English speakers: the word order is quite similar to English.

Yes. A passive version would be:

• Kami dihalang oleh hujan daripada keluar.

Breakdown:

• kami = the people affected
• dihalang = were prevented
• oleh hujan = by the rain

The original active version is usually simpler and more direct, but the passive is fully grammatical.