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Learn Hardcore Latin: Sextus discipulus legit. - The sixth student reads.

Hardcore Latin
/Inspecting an aqueduct
/Sextus discipulus legit.

Sextus discipulus legit.

Sextus discipulus legit.

The sixth student reads.

Breakdown of Sextus discipulus legit.

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Questions & Answers about Sextus discipulus legit.

What does legit mean here, and is it related to the English word legit?

In this sentence, legit is a Latin verb meaning reads or is reading.

It comes from the verb legere, meaning to read.

It is not the same as the informal English word legit meaning legitimate or real. They just happen to look the same in writing.

In Latin grammar, legit is:

3rd person singular
present tense
active voice

So it means:

he/she/it reads
or he/she/it is reading

Latin present tense often covers both simple present and progressive present in English.

How do we know who is doing the reading?

We know from the verb ending and the noun forms.

The verb legit ends in -it, which tells you the subject is he, she, or it in the singular.

Then Sextus discipulus gives the subject explicitly. Both words are in the nominative singular, which is the case normally used for the subject of the sentence.

So the person doing the action is Sextus, described as discipulus.

Why are there two nouns, Sextus and discipulus?

They go together.

A very natural way to understand them is:

Sextus = the person’s name
discipulus = student or pupil

So the phrase means something like:

Sextus the student reads
Sextus, a student, reads

Here discipulus is identifying or describing Sextus. Both are in the same case because they refer to the same person.

Could Sextus mean sixth instead of being a name?

Yes, it could in some contexts.

Sextus can be:

a Roman personal name, Sextus
or the adjective sixth

So Sextus discipulus legit could theoretically mean:

Sextus the student reads
or the sixth student reads

Usually context tells you which meaning is intended. If the learner has already been shown the meaning, then that context settles it.

Capitalization can help in modern printed texts, but classical Latin itself did not rely on capitalization the way English does.

Why is there no word for the or a?

Latin does not have articles like English the and a/an.

So discipulus can mean:

student
a student
the student

You decide which English translation sounds right from the context.

That is very normal in Latin. A single Latin noun often has to be translated with an English article even though no separate word appears in the Latin.

Why is discipulus not in the accusative case?

Because it is not the direct object here.

The direct object is the thing being read. But this sentence does not name any object. It only says that Sextus reads.

So:

discipulus is nominative singular, because it refers to the subject
there is no accusative noun in the sentence

If the sentence said Sextus librum legit, then librum would be accusative because it would be the thing being read: Sextus reads the book.

Is the sentence missing an object? Can legit be used without one?

Yes, the object is not stated, but that is perfectly fine.

In English, we can also say:

Sextus reads

without saying what he reads.

Latin works the same way here. The verb legit does not have to include an expressed object. The sentence can simply describe the action in general.

What case are Sextus and discipulus in?

They are in the nominative singular.

Why?

The nominative case is typically used for the subject of the sentence.
The verb legit is singular, so the subject is singular too.

So:

Sextus = nominative singular
discipulus = nominative singular

They match because they refer to the same person.

Can the word order be changed?

Yes. Latin word order is more flexible than English word order because Latin uses endings to show grammatical roles.

So the following could all be possible, depending on emphasis:

Sextus discipulus legit
Discipulus Sextus legit
Legit Sextus discipulus
Sextus legit

However, different word orders can sound more natural or place emphasis in different places.

English depends much more on word order to show meaning, but Latin depends much more on case endings and verb endings.

Why doesn’t Latin need a separate word for he?

Because the verb ending already includes that information.

Legit already means:

he reads
she reads
it reads

So Latin often leaves out subject pronouns unless they are needed for emphasis or contrast.

For example:

legit = he/she reads
is legit = he reads, with he stated explicitly

In this sentence, the subject is even clearer because Sextus discipulus is written out.

How should this sentence be pronounced?

A common classroom-style pronunciation would be roughly:

Sextus = SEKS-tus
discipulus = dee-SKI-pu-lus or di-SKI-pu-lus
legit = LE-git with a hard g

In a more classical pronunciation:

c is always hard
g is always hard
u is pronounced like oo
i can sound like ee or i depending on the system used in teaching

So the whole sentence is approximately:

SEKS-tus di-SKI-pu-lus LE-git

Does legit mean reads or is reading?

It can mean either one.

Latin present tense often covers both:

Sextus reads
Sextus is reading

English usually makes a clearer distinction between simple present and present progressive, but Latin often does not. Context tells you which one is more natural.

What is the dictionary form of these words?

The dictionary forms are:

Sextus — usually listed as Sextus if it is a name
discipulus — discipulus, discipulī meaning student or pupil
legit comes from legō, legere, lēgī, lēctum meaning read, gather, choose, depending on context

For this sentence, the relevant meaning of legō is read.

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