Soror paenulam novam induit et balteo levi utitur.

Soror is the subject of the sentence, so it is in the nominative singular: soror = sister.

This noun is a little tricky because its nominative singular does not end in -a or -us like many beginner nouns. It is a 3rd-declension noun:

• nominative singular: soror
• genitive singular: sororis

So here soror means the sister or simply sister, depending on context.

Because paenulam novam is the direct object of induit.

The verb induere / induit means to put on or to wear, and the thing being put on is in the accusative case. So:

• paenula = a cloak
• paenulam = the cloak / a cloak as direct object

The adjective has to agree with the noun, so:

• nova → nominative singular feminine
• novam → accusative singular feminine

That is why Latin says:

• paenulam novam = a new cloak

In Latin, adjective position is much freer than in English. Both of these are normal:

• novam paenulam
• paenulam novam

Both mean a new cloak.

Latin relies more on case endings than on word order, so the ending -am on both words shows that they belong together. Sometimes word order is used for style or emphasis, but here there is nothing unusual.

Here induit is third person singular, so it means she puts on, she is putting on, or she wears, depending on context.

It comes from induō, induere, meaning to put on.

A useful thing to know: induit can also be a perfect form in Latin spelling, so by itself it can sometimes mean she put on or she has put on. In a single sentence without more context, the form is potentially ambiguous. Usually the intended meaning becomes clear from the context or from the translation already given to the learner.

Because the verb utor works differently from most English verbs.

Utor, uti, usus sum means to use, but the thing used is put in the ablative case, not the accusative. So:

• balteus = belt
• balteo = with a belt / using a belt

And the adjective must agree:

• levis = light, light-weight
• levi = ablative singular, agreeing with balteo

So:

• balteo levi utitur = she uses a light belt

This is one of the standard Latin verbs that take the ablative.

Because utitur is a deponent verb.

Deponent verbs look passive in form, but they have an active meaning. So although utitur looks like a passive form, it means:

• he/she uses

Its dictionary form is:

• utor, uti, usus sum = to use

So in this sentence:

• utitur = she uses

This is very common in Latin, and it is something learners have to get used to.

Levi is ablative singular, agreeing with balteo.

Since utor takes the ablative, both the noun and its adjective must be ablative:

• balteo = ablative singular
• levi = ablative singular

The adjective levis, leve is a 3rd-declension adjective, so levi is its ablative singular form here.

Yes. Et is the ordinary Latin word for and.

So the sentence has two linked actions:

• paenulam novam induit
• et balteo levi utitur

= She puts on a new cloak and uses a light belt.

Yes, the word order is perfectly normal.

Latin often puts the verb at the end, but it does not have to. Because Latin uses case endings, word order is much freer than in English. This sentence is straightforward and readable:

• Soror = subject
• paenulam novam = object of induit
• induit = verb
• et = and
• balteo levi = ablative with utitur
• utitur = verb

A more verb-final version would also be possible, but this version is natural Latin.

The case endings tell you.

• paenulam novam is accusative, which fits induit
• balteo levi is ablative, which fits utitur

So even if the word order changed, the endings would still show the relationships.

For example, Latin could rearrange the sentence quite a bit, and the grammar would still be clear because:

• -am marks the direct object
• -o and -i here mark the ablative phrase used with utor

A paenula is a kind of cloak or outer garment, often a practical traveling cloak in Roman context. In many beginner translations it is simply rendered cloak.

So:

• paenulam novam = a new cloak

Depending on context, someone might translate it more loosely as a new coat or new outerwear, but cloak is the usual basic meaning.

Sometimes English may choose a smoother translation depending on context, but grammatically utitur means uses.

If the object is something like a belt, English might naturally say:

• She wears a light belt

But the Latin verb itself is still utor = use. A very literal translation would be:

• The sister puts on a new cloak and uses a light belt.

A more idiomatic English translation might depend on the wider context.