Aranea prope fenestram rete parvum facit; puer autem araneam tangere non audet.

Latin usually has no articles, so there is no separate word for a, an, or the.

That means:

• aranea can mean a spider or the spider
• fenestram can mean a window or the window
• rete parvum can mean a small web or the small web

You decide from context which English article sounds best.

They are two different cases of the same noun:

• aranea = nominative singular → used for the subject
• araneam = accusative singular → used for the direct object

So:

• Aranea ... facit = the spider ... makes
• araneam tangere = to touch the spider

This is a very common first-declension pattern:

• nominative singular: -a
• accusative singular: -am

Because prope is a preposition that takes the accusative.

So:

• prope fenestram = near the window

This is something you simply learn with the preposition:

• prope + accusative

Even though English near does not change the form of window, Latin does.

Because rete is a third-declension neuter noun.

A very important neuter rule is:

• nominative singular and accusative singular are the same

So rete can be either:

• nominative singular: web/net
• accusative singular: web/net

Here it is the direct object of facit, so it is accusative singular, but its form still stays rete.

Adjectives in Latin must agree with the nouns they describe in:

• gender
• number
• case

Since rete is:

• neuter
• singular
• accusative

the adjective must also be:

• neuter
• singular
• accusative

So we get:

• rete parvum

Even though rete and parvum come from different declension patterns, they still agree in case, number, and gender.

Puer is a second-declension masculine noun, but some nouns in this declension keep the -er in the nominative singular instead of ending in -us.

So the dictionary form is simply:

• puer = boy

In this sentence, puer is the subject because it is in the nominative singular:

• puer ... non audet = the boy does not dare ...

So yes, puer is already the normal nominative form; Latin does not say puerus.

Facit is:

• third person singular
• present tense
• active voice
• from facere = to make / do

So aranea ... rete parvum facit literally means:

• the spider makes a small web

English might also say spins a small web, but Latin often uses a more general verb like facit.

Because autem is commonly postpositive, which means it tends to come after the first word of its clause, not before it.

So Latin likes:

• puer autem = the boy, however / but the boy

rather than:

• autem puer

This is very normal Latin word order for autem.

Because audeo usually takes an infinitive to complete its meaning.

So:

• audet = he dares
• tangere = to touch
• tangere audet or audet tangere = he dares to touch

This is called a complementary infinitive: the infinitive completes the idea of the finite verb.

No. In Latin, the infinitive already includes that idea.

So:

• tangere = to touch
• facere = to make
• audere = to dare

The ending -re is part of the infinitive form. You do not add a separate word meaning English to.

Non is the normal word for not, and here it negates the verb audet:

• non audet = does not dare

That is a very common placement. Latin word order is flexible, but putting non directly before the verb is straightforward and easy to understand.

Latin word order is more flexible than English word order because the endings show each word’s job in the sentence.

For example:

• Aranea is the subject because it is nominative
• araneam is the object because it is accusative
• fenestram is accusative because prope requires it
• rete is the object of facit

So the sentence could be rearranged in various ways and still make grammatical sense. But the given order is natural because it:

• introduces the subject first
• keeps prope fenestram together
• places autem in its usual second position
• leaves non audet as a clear ending to the second clause

Latin word order often helps with emphasis and style, not just grammar.