Avia memorat veram amicitiam in rebus asperis apparere.

Because this sentence uses an indirect statement.

After verbs like memorat when it means says, relates, mentions, recalls, Latin often does not use that + finite verb the way English does. Instead, it uses:

• an accusative subject
• plus an infinitive

So:

• veram amicitiam = the subject of the indirect statement, put in the accusative
• apparere = the infinitive, to appear / to show itself

A very literal analysis would be:

• Avia memorat = grandmother says / recalls
• veram amicitiam apparere = true friendship to appear

Natural English turns that into Grandmother says that true friendship appears...

If Latin wanted a direct statement instead, it could have used something like vera amicitia apparet, but that is not the structure used here.

It is the subject in sense, but it is the subject of the infinitive apparere, not of the main verb memorat.

In a Latin indirect statement, the subject of the infinitive goes into the accusative. So:

• avia = nominative subject of memorat
• veram amicitiam = accusative subject of apparere

This is a very common Latin pattern. English says:

• Grandmother says that true friendship appears...

Latin says, more literally:

• Grandmother says true friendship to appear...

That is why amicitiam is accusative, not nominative.

Avia is nominative singular feminine, and it is the subject of memorat.

You can tell because:

• memorat is a 3rd person singular verb: she remembers / says / mentions
• avia is a singular nominative noun that fits as its subject

So avia memorat means the grandmother says / recalls / mentions.

Memorat comes from memoro, memorare. Depending on context, it can mean:

• mentions
• relates
• recounts
• states
• sometimes recalls

In this sentence, because it introduces an indirect statement, it is probably functioning more like:

• says
• states
• mentions

So the sense is not just private memory in the mind, but an expressed idea: Grandmother says/mentions that...

Veram amicitiam is:

• amicitiam = accusative singular feminine of amicitia, friendship
• veram = accusative singular feminine of verus, true

The adjective agrees with the noun in:

• gender: feminine
• number: singular
• case: accusative

So veram amicitiam means true friendship.

Because this is an indirect statement, the whole phrase is accusative.

Latin word order is much more flexible than English word order. Adjectives can come before or after nouns.

Here, veram amicitiam is a normal and clear pairing, with the adjective placed before the noun. There is nothing unusual about that.

The position may also give a slight emphasis to veram: the speaker is talking specifically about true friendship, not friendship in name only.

Literally, it means in harsh things or in rough circumstances.

More natural English would be:

• in difficult situations
• in hard times
• in adversity

Breaking it down:

• in = in
• rebus = things, matters, circumstances
• asperis = rough, harsh, difficult

So the phrase is an idiomatic way of saying when life is difficult or under adverse conditions.

Because in with the meaning in / among / under circumstances of takes the ablative.

So:

• in rebus asperis = in difficult circumstances

Also, asperis agrees with rebus:

• both are ablative plural
• both are feminine here

This is a normal prepositional phrase with in + ablative.

Because Latin uses:

• in + ablative for location, position, or situation
• in + accusative for motion into

Here there is no motion into something. The meaning is in difficult circumstances or under adverse conditions, so Latin uses the ablative:

• in rebus asperis

If it were motion, such as into the house, then Latin would use in + accusative.

Yes, asperis comes from asper, aspera, asperum, which can mean:

• rough
• harsh
• severe
• difficult

In this sentence it is clearly not about physical roughness. It means something like:

• harsh circumstances
• difficult situations
• adverse times

So rebus asperis is best understood idiomatically, not too literally.

Not necessarily physically. Apparere can mean:

• appear
• be visible
• become evident
• show itself
• be revealed

In this sentence, the idea is that true friendship is revealed or shows itself when circumstances are difficult.

So a good English sense is:

• true friendship shows itself in hard times
• true friendship becomes evident in adversity

Yes. This is the classic Latin accusative + infinitive construction for indirect statement.

The pattern is:

• main verb of saying, thinking, perceiving, etc.
• accusative subject
• infinitive verb

Here:

• memorat = main verb
• veram amicitiam = accusative subject
• apparere = infinitive

So yes, this is a textbook example.

There is no separate word for that here.

In English, we say:

• Grandmother says that true friendship appears...

In Latin, the idea of that is built into the accusative-and-infinitive construction. So Latin does not need a separate that.

That is why the sentence does not include a word like quod or ut.

Yes, it can.

While beginners often first meet indirect statement after very common verbs like:

• dicit = says
• putat = thinks
• scit = knows

many other verbs of speaking, reporting, remembering, or showing can also introduce it. Memorat can mean mentions, relates, recounts, states, so it can take an indirect statement naturally.

The present infinitive usually shows action that is contemporaneous with the main verb, from the point of view of the main verb.

So memorat ... apparere suggests:

• she says/remembers/mentions that true friendship appears
• not that it appeared earlier or will appear later

If Latin wanted to show prior time, it might use a perfect infinitive. If it wanted later time, it might use a future infinitive.

Yes. Depending on how you take memorat and apparere, you could translate it in several natural ways, for example:

• Grandmother says that true friendship appears in difficult times.
• Grandmother mentions that true friendship shows itself in adversity.
• Grandmother recalls that true friendship becomes evident in hard circumstances.
• Grandmother relates that true friendship is revealed in harsh times.

The grammar stays the same; only the English style changes.

Latin word order is flexible, but it is still meaningful.

The basic structure is:

• Avia = subject
• memorat = main verb
• veram amicitiam ... apparere = indirect statement
• in rebus asperis = phrase modifying apparere

By putting veram amicitiam before apparere, the sentence highlights the thing being discussed: true friendship. Ending with apparere is also very natural in Latin, since infinitives often come near the end of their clause.

So the order is not random, but it is much freer than English.

Yes. Latin could move that phrase around without changing the basic meaning, for example:

• Avia memorat in rebus asperis veram amicitiam apparere.
• Avia veram amicitiam apparere in rebus asperis memorat.

These would still mean essentially the same thing. The differences would mainly be in emphasis or style, not in core grammar.

Not usually in smooth English. Although res literally means thing, it often has a broader meaning such as:

• matter
• affair
• circumstance
• situation

So in rebus asperis is better translated as:

• in difficult circumstances
• in adversity
• in hard times

rather than the very literal in rough things.

Here are the basic dictionary forms:

• avia — avia, aviae — grandmother
• memorat — from memoro, memorare, memoravi, memoratum — mention, recount, recall
• veram — from verus, vera, verum — true
• amicitiam — amicitia, amicitiae — friendship
• in — preposition meaning in, into
• rebus — from res, rei — thing, matter, circumstance
• asperis — from asper, aspera, asperum — rough, harsh, severe
• apparere — from appareo, apparere, apparui — appear, become evident

The main clause is:

• Avia memorat = Grandmother says / mentions / recalls

The subordinate content is the indirect statement:

• veram amicitiam in rebus asperis apparere = that true friendship appears in difficult circumstances

So the sentence has one main verb and then the content of what is being said.

A useful shortcut is this:

1. Find the finite verb: memorat
2. Find its nominative subject: avia
3. Notice an accusative noun that does not fit as a direct object in the usual way: amicitiam
4. Notice an infinitive: apparere
5. Recognize accusative + infinitive = indirect statement

That lets you read the sentence smoothly as:

• Grandmother says that true friendship appears in hard times.