Gener et nurus aviae adsunt, quamquam procul habitant.

Here aviae is dative singular: to/for the grandmother.

That matters because aviae could, in other contexts, also be:

• genitive singular: of the grandmother
• nominative plural: grandmothers

But in this sentence, the verb adsunt points us to the dative, so aviae is best understood as to/for the grandmother or idiomatically with the grandmother.

Adsunt comes from adsum, adesse, literally to be near / to be present.

Unlike plain sum, adsum often takes a dative of the person to whom someone is present, available, or in attendance.

So:

• aviae adsunt = they are present for the grandmother
• more naturally in English: they are with the grandmother or they are there for the grandmother

This is a normal Latin pattern.

We know because:

• gener and nurus are in their nominative singular forms
• they are joined by et = and
• the verb adsunt is plural, matching a compound subject

So gener et nurus means the son-in-law and the daughter-in-law, and together they form the subject of both adsunt and habitant.

Because two singular nouns joined by et make a compound subject, and that takes a plural verb.

So:

• gener = one person
• nurus = one person
• gener et nurus = two people

Therefore Latin uses:

• adsunt = they are present
• habitant = they live

Quamquam means although or even though. It introduces a concessive clause: a clause that gives a fact that might seem to go against the main statement.

So the structure is:

• main idea: Gener et nurus aviae adsunt
• concession: quamquam procul habitant

In other words: they are present with the grandmother, although they live far away.

Because quamquam normally takes the indicative in classical Latin when the speaker is presenting the subordinate clause as a real fact.

So:

• quamquam procul habitant = although they live far away

Latin learners often expect a subjunctive after words like although, but with quamquam, the indicative is very common and standard.

Procul is an adverb meaning far away or at a distance.

It does not need a noun after it. So:

• procul habitant = they live far away

Latin can also say procul ab + ablative to mean far from something specific, but that is not necessary here.

Latin has no definite or indefinite articles. That means there is no direct equivalent of English the, a, or an.

So Latin simply says:

• gener
• nurus
• aviae

and English adds the or a according to context.

That is why a Latin sentence can be perfectly complete even though no article appears.

Latin word order is much more flexible than English word order because the endings show the grammatical roles.

So Latin does not rely as heavily on position to tell you who is doing what.

This sentence could be rearranged in several ways without changing the basic meaning very much, because:

• gener and nurus are nominative
• aviae is dative
• adsunt is the verb

The given order may help emphasize aviae just before adsunt, drawing attention to the person they are present for.

Because Latin verb endings usually include the subject information.

The ending -nt in habitant tells you the subject is third person plural: they live.

The same is true for adsunt: it already means they are present.

So Latin often leaves out subject pronouns unless they are needed for emphasis or contrast.

A little, yes.

• gener is a masculine noun of the second declension in -er
• nurus is a feminine noun of the fourth declension

So they may look less familiar than very common first- or second-declension nouns, but in this sentence you only need to recognize that both are in the nominative singular and together form the subject.