Ego sentio pacem meliorem esse quam bellum.

Yes. The ending of sentio already tells you the subject is I, so ego is not necessary.

Latin often leaves subject pronouns out unless the speaker wants to:

• add emphasis,
• create contrast,
• or make the subject especially clear.

So:

• Sentio pacem meliorem esse quam bellum = I think/feel that peace is better than war
• Ego sentio ... = I think/feel ..., with a bit more emphasis on I

A learner can think of ego here as slightly emphatic: I myself think...

Because this sentence uses a very common Latin construction called the accusative-and-infinitive construction for indirect statement.

After verbs like:

• sentio = I perceive, feel, think
• dico = I say
• puto = I think
• audio = I hear
• scio = I know

Latin often does not use a separate word for that. Instead, it puts:

• the subject of the subordinate idea into the accusative
• and the verb into the infinitive

So instead of saying:

• I think that peace is better than war

Latin says, more literally:

• I think peace to be better than war

That is why pax becomes pacem.

For the same reason: this is the accusative-and-infinitive construction.

In a direct statement, you would have:

• Pax melior est quam bellum = Peace is better than war

But after sentio, Latin changes that into indirect statement:

• pacem meliorem esse quam bellum

So:

• pacem = subject of the indirect statement, in the accusative
• meliorem = predicate adjective agreeing with pacem
• esse = infinitive, corresponding to English to be

A very literal translation would be:

• I think peace to be better than war

Natural English usually says:

• I think that peace is better than war

Meliorem is the comparative form of bonus (good), and it means better.

It is in the:

• accusative
• singular
• feminine

because it agrees with pacem, which is also:

• accusative
• singular
• feminine

So:

• pacem meliorem = peace [as] better

In this construction, meliorem is a predicate adjective: it describes what peace is considered to be.

Because after quam, Latin normally puts the thing compared in the same case as the thing it is being compared with.

Here, pacem is accusative, so the compared noun is also accusative:

• pacem meliorem esse quam bellum

The reason bellum may look confusing is that bellum is a neuter noun, and in the singular its nominative and accusative forms are identical.

So here bellum is best understood as accusative, matching pacem, even though the form looks the same as the nominative.

You may also learn another comparison pattern in Latin:

• comparative adjective + ablative without quam

But that is not what is happening here.

No. The main subject is ego (or the implied I inside sentio).

Inside the indirect statement, pacem is the logical subject of esse:

• peace is better than war

Bellum is only the second item in the comparison:

• better than war

So the structure is:

• Ego sentio = I think / feel
• pacem meliorem esse quam bellum = peace to be better than war

Yes, but that would mean something slightly different in structure.

• Pax melior est quam bellum = Peace is better than war

  • this is a direct statement

• Ego sentio pacem meliorem esse quam bellum = I think/feel that peace is better than war

  • this is a main clause plus an indirect statement

So both are grammatical, but they are not the same kind of sentence.

Sentio can cover several related ideas, depending on context:

• I feel
• I perceive
• I notice
• I think
• I am of the opinion

In this sentence, the most natural English is probably:

• I think that peace is better than war or
• I feel that peace is better than war

A very physical meaning like I physically sense would be less likely here because the content is an opinion or judgment.

Latin word order is much more flexible than English word order because Latin endings show the grammatical roles of words.

English depends heavily on position:

• Peace is better than war

Latin can move words around more freely because:

• pacem shows accusative
• meliorem agrees with pacem
• esse is infinitive
• quam introduces the comparison

So Ego sentio pacem meliorem esse quam bellum is perfectly normal.

The order also helps highlight the thought step by step:

• Ego sentio = I think
• pacem = peace
• meliorem = better
• esse = to be
• quam bellum = than war

Yes. In ordinary Latin, it often would be.

You could simply say:

• Sentio pacem meliorem esse quam bellum

That would still mean:

• I think/feel that peace is better than war

Including ego makes the speaker more explicit or emphatic.

A very literal step-by-step translation would be:

• Ego = I
• sentio = think / feel
• pacem = peace
• meliorem = better
• esse = to be
• quam bellum = than war

So, very literally:

• I think peace to be better than war

That sounds a bit stiff in modern English, so normal English usually says:

• I think that peace is better than war