Puella suam tunicam induit.

Puella is nominative singular. In Latin, the nominative case is typically used for the subject of the sentence, so puella is the one doing the action.

It comes from the dictionary form puella, puellae, meaning girl.

Tunicam is accusative singular because it is the direct object of the verb induit. It is the thing being put on.

The noun is tunica, tunicae, and its accusative singular form is tunicam.

So:

• puella = the doer
• tunicam = the thing acted on

Because suam has to agree with tunicam, not with puella.

Latin adjectives, including possessive adjectives, agree with the noun they describe in gender, number, and case. Since tunicam is feminine singular accusative, the possessive adjective must also be feminine singular accusative:

• sua = feminine singular nominative
• suam = feminine singular accusative

So suam tunicam means her own tunic.

Suam is a reflexive possessive adjective. It refers back to the subject of the clause, which here is puella.

So the sentence means that the girl puts on her own tunic, not someone else’s.

That is an important difference in Latin:

• suam tunicam = her own tunic
• eius tunicam = her tunic belonging to some other female person already mentioned, not the subject herself

Because the owner of the tunic is the same person as the subject of the sentence.

Latin usually uses:

• suus, sua, suum when the possessor is the subject
• eius when the possessor is someone else

So in this sentence:

• Puella suam tunicam induit = the girl puts on her own tunic

If you said Puella eius tunicam induit, it would usually mean:

• the girl puts on someone else’s tunic

Induit is third person singular active indicative from induo, induere, indui, indutus, meaning to put on.

It matches puella because puella is third person singular: the girl puts on.

A useful extra point: in ordinary Latin spelling, induit can be either:

• present = puts on
• perfect = put on / has put on

Usually the wider context tells you which one is meant.

Because the Latin verb induere already includes that idea. It means to put on, not just to put.

So Latin does not need a separate word corresponding to English on in this sentence.

That is very common when moving from English to Latin: sometimes Latin uses a single verb where English uses a verb plus a particle or preposition.

Yes. Latin word order is more flexible than English because the endings show the grammatical roles.

So all of these could mean basically the same thing:

• Puella suam tunicam induit
• Puella tunicam suam induit
• Suam tunicam puella induit
• Tunicam suam puella induit

The differences are mostly about emphasis or style, not core meaning.

Classical Latin has no articles. It does not normally use separate words for the or a/an.

So puella can mean:

• the girl
• a girl

And tunicam can mean:

• the tunic
• a tunic

The context tells you which is more natural in English.

Here is a full parse:

• puella
  from puella, puellae
  noun, feminine, nominative singular
  meaning girl

• suam
  from suus, sua, suum
  reflexive possessive adjective, feminine accusative singular
  modifies tunicam

• tunicam
  from tunica, tunicae
  noun, feminine, accusative singular
  meaning tunic

• induit
  from induo, induere, indui, indutus
  verb, third person singular active indicative
  meaning puts on or, depending on context, put on / has put on