Socia fidelis civitati et concordiae favet.

Because favet comes from favere, and favere takes the dative case, not a direct object in the accusative.

So in Latin, you do not say that someone favors something with an accusative object. Instead, you say that someone shows favor to someone or something, using the dative.

• civitati = to the state / to the community
• concordiae = to harmony / to concord

This is one of the most important things to notice in the sentence.

Socia is nominative singular. It is the subject of favet.

We can tell this because:

• socia has a nominative singular ending for a first-declension feminine noun
• favet is third-person singular
• the subject and the verb match in number: one subject, one verb

So socia is the one doing the action of favet.

Yes. Fidelis is an adjective modifying socia.

It agrees with socia in:

• case: nominative
• number: singular
• gender: feminine

So socia fidelis means a faithful/loyal companion/ally.

Because fidelis is a third-declension adjective.

Its nominative singular forms are:

• fidelis for masculine
• fidelis for feminine
• fidele for neuter

So the feminine nominative singular is still fidelis, not fidela. That is completely normal for this kind of adjective.

Favet is:

• present tense
• active voice
• indicative mood
• third person singular

It comes from faveo, favere, meaning to favor, support, or be well-disposed toward.

Because it is third person singular, the subject must be singular as well, which fits socia.

Et connects civitati and concordiae.

That means both nouns depend on favet. In other words, the subject is favorable to the state and to harmony.

So the structure is basically:

Socia fidelis + civitati et concordiae + favet

By itself, concordiae could look like either:

• dative singular
• genitive singular

But in this sentence it is clearly dative singular, because:

1. favet requires the dative
2. it is paired with civitati, which is definitely dative
3. et joins the two nouns in the same grammatical role

So here concordiae means to harmony / to concord, not of harmony.

Latin word order is much more flexible than English word order.

Putting the verb at the end is very common in Latin, especially in straightforward prose. The sentence can naturally build up like this:

• subject: socia
• description of subject: fidelis
• things favored: civitati et concordiae
• verb: favet

This does not change the meaning. Latin uses endings more than word position to show who is doing what.

Yes, often they could.

For example, Latin could also say things like:

• Socia civitati et concordiae fidelis favet
• Civitati et concordiae socia fidelis favet
• Favet socia fidelis civitati et concordiae

The basic meaning would stay the same because the case endings still show the grammatical roles.

However, different word orders can create different emphasis. The given order is a very natural one.

Usually, yes: socia is the feminine form of the noun.

It can mean something like:

• female companion
• female ally
• female associate

Its masculine counterpart would be socius.

Depending on context, some translations may use a more general English word like ally or companion, but the Latin form itself is feminine.

Because Latin does not have articles like English the and a/an.

So socia fidelis can mean:

• a loyal companion
• the loyal companion

Which one is best depends on context. Latin leaves that for the reader to infer.

They are from different declensions:

• socia: first declension
• civitati: from civitas, civitatis, third declension
• concordiae: from concordia, concordiae, first declension

This is a good example of how Latin freely combines words from different declensions in one sentence. What matters is their case, not whether they belong to the same declension.