Sol omnium clarissimus est.

Sol is nominative singular.

You can tell because it is the subject of the sentence: it is the thing being described as clarissimus. In a sentence with est (is), the subject is normally in the nominative.

So:

• sol = the sun
• nominative singular masculine

Because clarissimus is a predicate adjective describing sol.

In Latin, a predicate adjective agrees with the noun it describes in:

• gender
• number
• case

Since sol is masculine nominative singular, clarissimus must also be masculine nominative singular.

So the structure is:

• sol = subject
• clarissimus = adjective describing the subject
• est = is

Clarissimus is the superlative form of clarus, which means bright, clear, or famous depending on context.

Formation:

• positive: clarus = bright
• comparative: clarior = brighter
• superlative: clarissimus = brightest / very bright

The superlative is commonly formed by adding -issimus, -issima, -issimum to the stem of the adjective.

So here:

• clarus
• stem: clār-
• superlative: clarissimus

Because Latin often uses the genitive with a superlative to mean of all or among all.

So:

• omnium = of all
• clarissimus omnium = the brightest of all

This is a very common Latin pattern:

• sapientissimus omnium = the wisest of all
• fortissimus omnium = the bravest of all

So omnium is not the subject. It depends on the superlative idea.

Omnium is the genitive plural form of omnis, omne, meaning all or every.

Here it means:

• of all

Because it is genitive plural, it does not specify gender by itself in this form; it can mean:

• of all people
• of all things
• of all beings

The exact sense comes from context.

Latin normally has no definite article and no indefinite article.

So:

• sol can mean sun, the sun, or sometimes even a sun, depending on context

In this sentence, English naturally uses the sun, but Latin does not need a separate word for the.

That is completely normal in Latin.

Because Latin word order is much more flexible than English word order.

Placing the verb at the end is very common in Latin, especially in straightforward statements.

So:

• Sol omnium clarissimus est
• literally: The sun of all brightest is

But natural English is:

• The sun is the brightest of all

Latin word order often reflects style, emphasis, or rhythm, not just grammatical necessity.

Yes. Because the endings show the grammar, Latin can change the order without changing the basic meaning.

For example, these would mean essentially the same thing:

• Sol omnium clarissimus est
• Clarissimus omnium sol est
• Sol clarissimus omnium est

The differences would mostly be in emphasis or style, not core meaning.

That said, some orders sound more natural than others depending on context.

A Latin superlative can sometimes mean either:

1. the most ... / ...est
2. very ...

So clarissimus could, in some contexts, mean very bright.

But here, because of omnium (of all), the meaning is clearly the brightest of all, not just very bright.

So omnium makes the superlative unmistakably relative, not just intensive.

Yes. Sol is normally masculine in Latin.

That is why the adjective is:

• clarissimus masculine not
• clarissima feminine or
• clarissimum neuter

So the agreement tells you:

• sol = masculine singular nominative
• clarissimus matches it exactly

The pattern is:

subject + genitive with superlative + predicate adjective + est

More simply:

• Sol = subject
• omnium = of all
• clarissimus = predicate adjective, superlative
• est = linking verb

So the grammar is:

• The sun
  • of all
    • brightest
      • is

This is a standard and useful Latin pattern to learn.

A common classical pronunciation would be approximately:

sōl om-nee-um klā-ris-si-mus est

A few helpful points:

• sol = long ō
• omnium is usually pronounced roughly OM-nee-um
• c in clarissimus is always hard, like k
• v is not involved here, but in classical Latin it would sound like w
• est is pronounced with a clear e, not like English ist

If macrons are shown, the sentence is:

Sōl omnium clārissimus est.

Yes, Latin can express similar ideas in more than one way.

A genitive with the superlative is very common:

• omnium clarissimus = brightest of all

But Latin can also use expressions meaning among all, such as:

• inter omnes

The genitive construction in your sentence is compact and very idiomatic, so it is an excellent pattern to learn.