Servus sportam plenam ad villam portat.

Servus is a noun (meaning a slave/servant). It is in the nominative singular, which is typically used for the subject of the sentence—the person doing the action.

Sportam is the noun sporta (basket) in the accusative singular. The -am ending is the normal accusative singular ending for many 1st declension feminine nouns. Here, the accusative marks the direct object—the thing being carried.

Because plenam matches sportam in:

• case: accusative
• number: singular
• gender: feminine

Latin adjectives must agree with the nouns they modify, so plenam modifies sportam (a full basket), not servus.

Plenus, -a, -um is a 1st/2nd declension adjective meaning full.
Plenam is feminine accusative singular, agreeing with sportam.

Ad is a preposition meaning to/toward, and it takes the accusative case.
So villam is accusative singular of villa, showing movement toward a place (destination).

Because Latin uses the accusative not only for direct objects, but also after certain prepositions (including ad). Here, villam is accusative because ad requires it.

Portat is a verb form meaning he/she/it carries (or is carrying). It is:

• present tense
• 3rd person singular from portāre (to carry), a 1st conjugation verb.

Because the verb ending -t in portat already encodes 3rd person singular. Latin often doesn’t need separate subject pronouns unless emphasis or clarity requires them.

Latin word order is relatively flexible because grammatical roles are shown mainly by endings (cases), not position.
That said, a very common pattern is:

• subject early (servus)
• object before the verb (sportam plenam)
• verb at or near the end (portat)

Largely yes, because the cases still identify roles. For example:

• Sportam plenam servus ad villam portat
  still has servus nominative (subject) and sportam accusative (object).
  Reordering can change emphasis, though.

Servus is a 2nd declension masculine noun (dictionary form: servus, -ī).
That implies common endings like:

• nominative sg -us (servus)
• accusative sg -um (servum)
• genitive sg -ī (servī)

Villa is a 1st declension feminine noun (dictionary form: villa, -ae).
Common endings include:

• nominative sg -a (villa)
• accusative sg -am (villam)
• genitive sg -ae (villae)

Classical Latin does not have definite/indefinite articles like the or a. Context supplies that information. So servus can be a slave or the slave, depending on context.

Typically by using the ablative for accompaniment/instrument without motion-to:

• Servus sportā plēnā ... (with a full basket ...)
  Here sportā plēnā would be ablative singular (and plēnā would still agree).