Favus multas cellulas habet.

Because favus is in the nominative singular, which is the case normally used for the subject of a Latin sentence.

Here, favus is the thing that has something, so it is the subject of habet.

• favus = nominative singular
• habet = has

So favus habet means the honeycomb has.

Because cellulas is the direct object of habet.

The verb habeo, habere means to have, and the thing being had is put in the accusative case in Latin.

So:

• favus = subject
• cellulas = direct object

That is why Latin uses cellulas, not a nominative form such as cellulae.

Because multas must agree with cellulas.

In Latin, adjectives agree with the nouns they describe in:

• gender
• number
• case

Here, cellulas is:

• feminine
• plural
• accusative

So the adjective multus, multa, multum must also be feminine plural accusative, which gives multas.

So:

• multas = feminine plural accusative
• cellulas = feminine plural accusative

They match, as they should.

Habet is the third person singular present active indicative of habeo, habere.

That means:

• third person = he/she/it
• singular = one subject
• present = has
• active = the subject is doing the action

So habet means he has, she has, or it has.
In this sentence, it means it has, referring to favus.

Because adjectives often stand next to the nouns they describe, and very often they come before the noun.

So multas cellulas is a normal way to say many cells.

Latin word order is more flexible than English, but keeping the adjective close to the noun helps make the phrase easy to understand.

Other word orders are possible, but multas cellulas is straightforward and natural.

No. Classical Latin does not have articles like English a, an, or the.

So favus could mean:

• a honeycomb
• the honeycomb
• sometimes simply honeycomb

The exact choice in English depends on context, not on a separate Latin word.

The same is true of cellulas:

• cells
• the cells

depending on context.

Yes. Latin word order is fairly flexible because the endings show the grammatical roles.

So all of these could express the same basic idea:

• Favus multas cellulas habet.
• Multas cellulas favus habet.
• Favus habet multas cellulas.

The version you were given is a very clear and ordinary one:

• subject first: favus
• object phrase next: multas cellulas
• verb last: habet

That final verb position is especially common in Latin.

Favus is a second-declension masculine noun.

Its dictionary form is usually given as:

• favus, -i = honeycomb

So in this sentence:

• favus = nominative singular

A learner may notice that it ends in -us, which is a very common ending for a second-declension masculine nominative singular noun.

Cellulas is the accusative plural of cellula.

Cellula is a first-declension feminine noun. Its basic forms are:

• cellula, -ae

So:

• singular accusative = cellulam
• plural accusative = cellulas

That matches its role as the direct object of habet.

Yes. English cell ultimately comes from Latin cella, and cellula is a diminutive form meaning something like small chamber or little cell.

So cellula can mean a small cell, and in this sentence it refers naturally to the small compartments of a honeycomb.

That makes multas cellulas a very fitting phrase.

Because cellulas is a countable plural noun.

In English, we usually use:

• many with countable nouns: many cells
• much with uncountable nouns: much water

Latin multus can cover ideas like much or many, but in this sentence, since it describes plural countable cellulas, the natural English translation is many.

In reconstructed Classical pronunciation, it would be approximately:

• favus ≈ FAH-woos
• multas ≈ MOOL-tahs
• cellulas ≈ kel-LOO-lahs
• habet ≈ HAH-bet

A few details:

• v is pronounced like English w in Classical Latin
• c is always hard, like k
• each vowel is pronounced clearly

So the whole sentence would sound roughly like:

FAH-woos MOOL-tahs kel-LOO-lahs HAH-bet

Yes, depending on context, favus can refer to a honeycomb or a structure like a beehive comb. In a sentence like this, where it has many cells, honeycomb is the most natural understanding.

So even if a dictionary gives more than one possible gloss, the context here makes the intended meaning clear.