Pronuba cumeram puero tradit.

The subject is pronuba because it is in the nominative singular form.

In this sentence:

• pronuba = subject, the one doing the action
• tradit = he/she hands over, gives, delivers
• so pronuba tradit = the pronuba gives / hands over

Latin usually shows grammatical roles by endings, not mainly by word order.

Because cumeram is in the accusative singular, which is the case normally used for the direct object: the thing directly affected by the verb.

Here the verb tradit means something like hands over or gives, so the thing being handed over is put in the accusative.

So:

• cumeram = the thing being handed over
• therefore it is the direct object

Because puero is in the dative singular, not the nominative.

The dative often marks the indirect object, especially with verbs of giving, showing, telling, or handing over.

So here:

• puero = to the boy / for the boy
• not the boy as subject

With tradit, the dative is very natural for the recipient.

Here is the breakdown:

• pronuba — nominative singular
• cumeram — accusative singular
• puero — dative singular

So the pattern is:

• subject in the nominative
• direct object in the accusative
• indirect object / recipient in the dative

That is a very common Latin sentence pattern.

The ending -am usually tells you that a first-declension noun is accusative singular.

So if the dictionary form is cumera, then:

• cumera = nominative singular
• cumeram = accusative singular

That is why cumeram is the direct object here.

The ending -o here tells you that puero is dative singular or ablative singular.

In this sentence, the meaning and the verb make it clear that it is dative singular:

• tradit often takes a thing in the accusative and a recipient in the dative
• so puero means to the boy

This is from puer, pueri.

Tradit is:

• 3rd person singular
• present tense
• active voice
• indicative mood

So it means:

• he hands over
• she hands over
• or in smoother English, hands over / gives / delivers

Because the subject is pronuba, you would understand it as she hands over.

Latin often expresses these relationships through cases rather than extra helper words.

In English, we say:

• she gives the item to the boy

In Latin, the dative case on puero already means to the boy, so no separate word for to is needed.

That is one of the biggest differences between Latin and English: Latin packs grammatical information into word endings.

Classical Latin does not have articles like English the and a/an.

So:

• pronuba can mean the pronuba or a pronuba
• cumeram can mean the cumeram or a cumeram
• puero can mean to the boy or to a boy

The exact English translation depends on context.

It matters for emphasis and style, but not as much for basic grammar as it does in English.

Because the endings already show the roles, Latin can move words around more freely. For example, these would still mean essentially the same thing:

• Pronuba cumeram puero tradit
• Puero pronuba cumeram tradit
• Cumeram pronuba puero tradit

The differences are mainly about what is being emphasized.

Latin often places the verb at the end, as in this sentence, but that is not a strict rule.

Because the verb tradit is a verb of giving/handing over, and such verbs commonly involve:

• a thing being given → direct object in the accusative
• a person receiving it → indirect object in the dative

So here:

• cumeram = direct object
• puero = indirect object

This is similar to English:

• She hands the item to the boy

A learner would usually want these dictionary forms:

• pronuba, pronubae — noun
• cumera, cumerae — noun
• puer, pueri — noun
• trado, tradere, tradidi, traditum — verb

It is important to learn nouns with enough information to recognize their declension, and verbs with their principal parts.

In some contexts, the dative can indeed be translated as for the boy. But with tradit, the most natural sense is usually to the boy, because he is the recipient of what is being handed over.

So in this sentence, puero is best understood as the recipient dative.

Here it is a noun.

It is the subject of the sentence, not a word describing another noun. So it stands on its own:

• pronuba = the person performing the action

Its -a ending may remind you of many first-declension nouns and adjectives, but in this sentence it is clearly functioning as a noun.

You can do a rough word-for-word analysis:

• Pronuba = the pronuba
• cumeram = the cumeram
• puero = to the boy
• tradit = hands over

But natural English may rearrange that into a smoother order:

• The pronuba hands the cumeram to the boy
• or The pronuba hands over the cumeram to the boy

That is very normal when translating Latin: first identify the grammar, then produce natural English.

The biggest lesson is how Latin uses case endings to show grammatical roles.

This sentence gives you a very useful pattern:

• nominative subject: pronuba
• accusative direct object: cumeram
• dative indirect object: puero
• 3rd singular present verb: tradit

If you can recognize that pattern, you will understand many basic Latin sentences built around verbs of giving, showing, sending, and telling.